Reproducibility package for Exports, Labor Markets, And The Environment: Evidence From Brazil
Overview
What is the environmental impact of exports? Focusing on 2000–20, this paper combines customs, administrative, and census microdata to estimate employment elasticities with respect to exports. The findings show that municipalities that faced increased exports experienced faster growth in formal employment. The elasticities were 0.25 on impact, peaked at 0.4, and remained positive and significant even 10 years after the shock, pointing to a long and protracted labor market adjustment. In the long run, informal employment responds negatively to export shocks. Using a granular taxonomy for economic activities based on their environmental impact, the paper documents that environmentally risky activities have a larger share of employment than environmentally sustainable ones, and that the relationship between these activities and exports is nuanced. Over the short run, environmentally risky employment responds more strongly to exports relative to environmentally sustainable employment. However, over the long run, this pattern reverses, as the impact of exports on environmentally sustainable employment is more persistent.
Reproducibility Package
| Repository name | URI |
|---|---|
| Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank) | https://reproducibility.worldbank.org |
Reproducibility
~3 hour runtime.
Since some of the data used in this reproducibility package is restricted, users must obtain access to the necessary data before running the code.
Once the data is available, follow these steps to reproduce the results:
- Place the data in the appropriate folder.
- Open the do-file "00_base.do" located in the
codefolder. - Update the file path on line 2 to your folder's location, and the Python execution path on line 44.
- Install all required Python dependencies listed in "requirements.txt"
- Run the "00_base.do" dofile in Stata, all Python code will execute from within the Stata script.
Since the restricted data is not included in the package, the final outputs produced by the replicators are provided in the figs folder.
Data
Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.
Description
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Gabriel Lara Ibarra | The World Bank | glaraibarra@worldbank.org |
| Carlos Góes | IFC | cbezerradegoes@ifc.org |
| Otavio Conceição | World bank | ocanozzi@worldbank.org |
| Gladys Lopez-Acevedo | World Bank | gacevedo@worldbank.org |
2025-07-31
Scope and coverage
| Location | Code |
|---|---|
| Brazil | BRA |
Disclaimer
The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.
Access and rights
| Name | URI |
|---|---|
| Modified BSD3 | https://opensource.org/license/bsd-3-clause/ |
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Gabriel Lara Ibarra | The World Bank | glaraibarra@worldbank.org |
| Reproducibility WBG | World Bank | reproducibility@worldbank.org |
Information on metadata
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reproducibility WBG | DIME | World Bank - Development Impact Department | Verification and preparation of metadata |
2025-07-31
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