{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"San Martin","abbr":"LESM","affiliation":"World Bank","role":"Junior Data Scientist"}],"prod_date":"2024-02-01","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Monica Robayo-Abril","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mrobayo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Maynor Cabrera","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mcabrera1@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","title":"Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective","authors":"Monica Robayo-Abril, Maynor Cabrera","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10657","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10657 ","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099322301092438309\/IDU188f80cfb173ec1413c19a5b1f768dd633328"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Bulgaria National Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) 2020","uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/8252\/social-inclusion-and-living-conditions","access_type":"Access to the national SILC data is based on an approval process, a detailed research proposal, confidentiality agreements signed by each team member, and some standard forms sent by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute (NSI). Access will be granted to all those with a valid research agreement and removed at the end of the agreement unless the user sends an extension or revised agreement.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/14843\/basic-page\/license-use-statistical-information-produced-and-disseminated-national-statistical-institute","note":"Survey on income and living conditions (SILC) is a tool for providing timely and comparable data on income distribution, level and structure of poverty and social exclusion. The survey is carried out in a European methodology and provides information about the current state (cross-sectional data) and longitudinal (longitudinal data) changes in income level and structure of poverty and social exclusion."},{"name":"Bulgaria National Household Budgets Survey (HBS)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/14843\/basic-page\/license-use-statistical-information-produced-and-disseminated-national-statistical-institute","uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/3168\/households-income-expenditure-and-consumption","access_type":"Access to the national HBS data is based on an approval process, a detailed research proposal, confidentiality agreements signed by each team member, and some standard forms sent by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute (NSI). Access will be granted to all those with a valid research agreement and removed at the end of the agreement unless the user sends an extension or revised agreement.","note":"The main objective of the household budget survey is to get reliable and scientifically founded data on the income, expenditure, consumption and other elements of the living standard of the population as well as changes which have occurred during the years."}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"17"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_BGR_2023_55-v01","zip_package":"RR_BGR_2023_55-v01.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (code only) for Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective","date":"2024-01","software":"Stata","dependencies":"ainequal, apoverty, ceq stata package, eurostatuse, labeldatasyntax, schemepack, tabstatmat, wbopendata","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_BGR_2023_55-v01","title":"Reproducibility package for Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective"},"production_date":"2024-01","abstract":"This paper delves into Bulgaria's persistent issue of child poverty, even amidst policy efforts at the European Union (EU) and national levels. The study updates a comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) model, considering COVID-19's impact and a child-focused perspective, and simulates child-related policy interventions' effectiveness in alleviating child poverty. Our results show that Bulgaria's fiscal system has a limited impact on the overall at-risk of poverty rate, though it shows potential in reducing poverty for lower income deciles. Bulgaria's fiscal system reduces inequality compared to other countries with similar income levels, primarily driven by the substantial influence of direct transfers, education, and health allocations. Nevertheless, the redistributive effect of direct taxes and transfers remains comparatively modest within Europe. The study emphasizes the progressive nature of Bulgaria's fiscal components, benefiting the poorest through social benefits. When applying a child lens, our results show that fiscal policy is not very effective in addressing child poverty, as it reduces it by just 0.3 percentage points. However, means-tested programs targeting families and children play a significant role in mitigating child poverty. This research also underscores that specific households in Bulgaria face heightened vulnerability and may not receive optimal support from fiscal measures, including households with three or more children and lone-parent households, especially those headed by lone females. Microsimulation results suggest that enhancing child tax deductions among low-income earners and refining the design of child benefits to improve targeting effectiveness and generosity can notably contribute to child poverty reduction. The paper offers insights into more equitable policy design in Bulgaria's pursuit of combating child poverty. ","geographic_units":[{"name":"Bulgaria","code":"BGR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"child poverty"},{"name":"fiscal policy"},{"name":"fiscal incidence"},{"name":"social spending"},{"name":"taxation"}],"topics":[{"id":"H22","name":"Incidence","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"H31","name":"Household","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"I38","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"D31","name":"Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"D63","name":"Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"data_statement":"All the results in the paper use confidential microdata from the Bulgaria National SILC 2020 and HBS data 2021 which is not included in the reproducibility package. The README contains details on how to request access to the data.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 15 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"affiliation":"World Bank","name":"Monica Robayo-Abril","email":"mrobayo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"identifiers":[{"type":"DOI ","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60572\/zc7v-j940"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}