{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-03-21","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Kathleen Beegle","email":"kbeegle@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Gabriel Demombynes","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gdemombynes@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Damien de Walque","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ddewalque@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Paul Gubbins","email":"paul.gubbins@gmail.com","affiliation":"Independent consultant"},{"name":"Jeremy Veillard","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"jveillard@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"title":"COVID-19 Increased Existing Gender Mortality Gaps in High Income More than Middle Income Countries","type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10750","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099750404092472550\/IDU159044c8b1b3ee146b01928c1b9248d269cce","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10750"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Global excess deaths associated with COVID-19","note":"Source: World Health Organization. \nLocated at: WHO_COVID_Excess_Deaths_Estimates\/WHO_COVID_Excess_Deaths_EstimatesByCountry.xlsx\nWorld Health Organization's Technical Advisory Group on COVID-19 mortality assessment. It should be noted that, following a late 2023 update, data categorized by sex is no longer available in the most recent WHO data files. However, this specific data remains included in the study's package, ensuring comprehensive accessibility to all utilized datasets. ","access_type":"Published with package","uri":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/sets\/global-excess-deaths-associated-with-covid-19-modelled-estimates"},{"note":"Source: World Health Organization. \nThe list of countries in 2020 and 2021 for which actual deaths by gender and age are available. This .csv file was copied from the table in the TAG's methodology document on pages 22-23 available to download in the following link. \nLocated at: Data\/who_data_bysex_2023.csv and ","access_type":"Published with package","name":"Population and Death Data, 2020-2021","uri":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/methods-for-estimating-the-excess-mortality-associatedwith-the-covid-19-pandemic"},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Source: World Bank\nThis source is consulted through the WDI R package and the code to retrieve this is published in this reproducibility package.","access_type":"Published with package","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/vincentarelbundock\/WDI"}],"scripts":[{"description":"The code in this folder generates the tables and figures in the paper \"COVID-19 Increased Existing Gender Mortality Gaps in High Income More than Middle Income Countries\"  by Kathleen Beegle, Gabriel Demombynes, Damien de Walque, Paul Gubbins, Jeremy Veillard","title":"Reproducibility package  (data and code) for COVID-19 Increased Existing Gender Mortality Gaps in High Income More than Middle Income Countries","file_name":"RR_WLD_2024_104.zip","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2024_104.zip","date":"2024-03","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the renv contained in the reproducibility package."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_104","title":"Reproducibility package for COVID-19 Increased Existing Gender Mortality Gaps in High Income More than Middle Income Countries","identifiers":[{"type":"DOI","identifier":"10.60572\/w16j-7088"}]},"reproducibility_status":{"type":"Data: All data sources are publicly available and included in the package; Code: All code files (from cleaning to analysis) are included in the package;   Outputs: All outputs are generated by code included in the reproducibility package;  Reproducibility verification: Reviewers had access to the same materials in the public package"},"production_date":"2024-03","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"data_statement":"All the data used in this study are available to the public. It's important to point out that, after an update in late 2023, the primary data used in this study from the World Health Organization's Technical Advisory Group on COVID-19 mortality assessment, is no longer available disaggregated by sex. Despite this, such specific data is contained in the package, guaranteeing full access to all the datasets employed in our research.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.3"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"},{"type":"Github","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/pgubb\/covidmort-who-sexage","name":"covidmort-who-sexage"}],"technology_environment":"The code was reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2013 Software version: R version 4.3","technology_requirements":"~15 minutes runtime","reproduction_instructions":"To run the package a new user should download this package, restore the renv environment with renv::restore(), and render the file covidmort-who-sexage-results.qmd","contacts":[{"name":"Damien de Walque","email":"ddewalque@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"abstract":"To analyze how patterns of excess mortality varied by sex and age groups across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with country income level. \nWe used World Health Organization excess mortality estimates by sex and age groups for 75 countries in 2020 and 62 countries in 2021, restricting the sample to estimates based on recorded all-cause mortality data. We examined patterns across countries using country-specific Poisson regressions with observations consisting of the number of excess deaths by groups defined by sex and age. \nMen die at higher rates in nearly all places and at all ages beyond age 45. In 2020, the pandemic amplified this gender mortality gap for the world, but with variation across countries and by country income level. In high-income countries, rates of excess mortality were much higher for men than women. In contrast, in middle-income countries, the sex ratio of excess mortality was similar to the sex ratio of expected all-cause mortality. The exacerbation of the sex ratio of excess mortality observed in 2020 in high-income countries, however, declined in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic has killed men at much higher rates than women, as has been well documented, but these gender differences have varied by country income. These differences were the result of some combination of variation in gender patterns of infection rates and infection fatality rates across countries. The gender gap in mortality declined in high-income countries in 2021, likely as a result of the faster rollout of vaccination against COVID-19.\n"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}