{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"version":"1","prod_date":"2024-03-25"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Ibrahim Nana","email":"inana@ifc.org","affiliation":"International Finance Corporation"},{"name":"Sephooko Ignatius Motelle","affiliation":"International Finance Corporation","email":"smotelle@ifc.org"},{"name":"Susan K. Starnes","affiliation":"International Finance Corporation","email":"sstarnes@ifc.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10645","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099550412132341350\/IDU0a68116e90579804937091a70918736db8633","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10645","title":"The Trade-Growth Nexus: Evidence of Causality from Innovative Instruments for Trade"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI)","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","note":"WDI data was manually downloaded and saved in Stata format for the following variables: GDP (GDPCSUS2018.dta), country trade (TradeWBG.dta), World trade (WorldTrade.dta), and air transport freight capacity (Data_Air_transport2.dta). Data on country trade, school enrollment, capital formation, and inflation was manually downloaded and saved in Excel format (DataWDI.xlsx).","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package."},{"name":"Data from the Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS) of the IMF","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/data.imf.org\/?sk=9d6028d4f14a464ca2f259b2cd424b85","note":"Country trade DOTS data was manually downloaded and saved in Stata format in the file TradeIMF.dta"},{"name":"Gravity dataset from the Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes prospectives et d\u2019informations internationales (CEPII)","note":"Trade proximity data from the Gravity dataset (Gravity_V202211.dta)","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package.","uri":"http:\/\/www.cepii.fr\/CEPII\/fr\/bdd_modele\/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=8"},{"name":"GeoDist dataset from the Centre d\u2019\u00e9tudes prospectives et d\u2019informations internationales (CEPII)","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package.","uri":"http:\/\/www.cepii.fr\/CEPII\/fr\/bdd_modele\/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=6","note":"GeoDist contains data on bilateral trade distances. Data is in the file dist_cepii.dta."},{"name":"UNCOMTRADE","uri":"https:\/\/comtradeplus.un.org\/","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package.","note":"Bilateral trade data from the UN Comtrade Database was manually downloaded and saved in Stata format (Trade2018.dta)."},{"name":"Polity dataset from the Center for Systemic Peace","uri":"https:\/\/www.systemicpeace.org\/polityproject.html","note":"The Polity dataset contains data on types of government in terms of democracy. The version Polity 4 was used for this work.","access_type":"Dataset is public but not included in the package. The most recent dataset version is available for download here: https:\/\/www.systemicpeace.org\/inscrdata.html. Replicators may contact the data producers for accessing the version used in this reproducibility package with this contact information: https:\/\/www.systemicpeace.org\/contactcsp.html"},{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","note":"World Bank classifications for income groups and lending groups (CLASS.dta).","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package."},{"name":"Crude oil \u2013 exports data from the 2021 CIA World Factbook","note":"Data was manually downloaded and recoded to 1 if the country is a crude oil exporter and 0 otherwise (oilexporterscia.dta).","uri":"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/about\/archives\/2021\/field\/crude-oil-exports\/country-comparison","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package."},{"uri":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/continents-according-to-our-world-in-data?tab=table","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package.","name":"Continents according to Our World in Data","note":"Continent by country data. Dataset was saved in two files: Continent.dta and Continentnode.dta. The latter has manually added country codes for easier data joins."},{"note":"IMF's income level country classification (Income.dta).","name":"IMF's World Economic Outlook Groups and Aggregates Information","uri":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2023\/April\/groups-and-aggregates","access_type":"Data is public and included in the package."}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"17"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_WLD_2024_56-v02","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2024_56-v02.rar","title":"Reproducibility package for The Trade-Growth Nexus: Evidence of Causality from Innovative Instruments for Trade","date":"2024-03","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","dependencies":"ivreg2, xtivreg2, ranktest, asdoc, xtabond2, outreg2, nwcommands. All dependency files are included in the folder Dofiles\/ado of the reproducibility package."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_56","title":"Reproducibility package for The Trade-Growth Nexus: Evidence of Causality from Innovative Instruments for Trade"},"production_date":"2023-12","abstract":"During the past decades, extensive literature has emphasized the role of both international trade and openness in fostering economic growth. Endogeneity bias is a nagging challenge for any empirical attempt to study the causal relationship between trade and economic growth. This study contributes to the existing stock of knowledge and helps to address these challenges by introducing new instrumental variables for trade. The study samples 197 countries over 1970\u20132020. The findings suggest that international trade has a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product per capita, which tends to be higher for emerging markets and development economies. Thus, the study provides an enhanced empirical foundation for the expectation that investments made to support trade are also good for economic growth, especially in emerging markets.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"international trade"},{"name":"GDP"},{"name":"growth"},{"name":"instrumental variable"}],"topics":[{"name":"Economic Integration","id":"F15","parent_id":"F1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"F43","name":"Economic Growth of Open Economies","parent_id":"F4","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"O47","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Empirical Studies of Economic Growth \u2022 Aggregate Productivity \u2022 Cross-Country Output Convergence","parent_id":"O4"}],"data_statement":"All data used for this reproducibility package are public but one dataset (Polity) is not included in the package. See dataset information for data access.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"The code was run in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8665U CPU @ 1.90GHz 2.11GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.8 GB\n\u2013 Software version: Stata 18.0","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 40 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"affiliation":"International Finance Corporation","name":"Ibrahim Nana","email":"inana@ifc.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}