{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-04-25","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Abdullah Alam","affiliation":"Aflatoun International and World Bank","email":"abdullah_alam@live.com"},{"email":"ahasan1@worldbank.org","name":"Amer Hasan","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Elizabeth Hentschel","affiliation":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and World Bank","email":"ehentschel@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10763","title":"Ensuring an equal start for all Pakistani children: What will it cost?","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099226005062427291","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10763"}],"software":[{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_PAK_2024_116-v02","zip_package":"RR_PAK_2024_116-v02.zip","title":"Reproducibility package for Ensuring an equal start for all Pakistani children: What will it cost?","date":"2024-04","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_PAK_2024_116","title":"Reproducibility package for Ensuring an equal start for all Pakistani children: What will it cost?"},"production_date":"2024-04","abstract":"Quality early childhood education (ECE) improves child development outcomes and has long-term implications for school readiness, workforce participation and economic growth. Despite this, in Pakistan, the net enrolment rate of children aged 3-5 in ECE was only 31 percent in 2022. This paper estimates the cost of expanding access to ECE using an adapted version of the ECE Accelerator Costing and Simulation model. Using available administrative data, this paper presents cost estimates for three packages: (i) a business-as-usual package, (ii) a core service delivery package and (iii) an augmented service delivery package. It considers how these costs might vary using alternate delivery mechanisms such as community construction and vouchers. To ensure 100 percent net enrolment in ECE by 2035, Pakistan must increase the amount of the education budget spent on ECE from the existing allocation of 5.3 percent to 10.4 percent by 2035. This means increasing the ECE budget from PKR 71 billion (US$ 0.3 billion) in 2022 to PKR 418 billion (US$ 1.85 billion) in 2035, suggesting an average annual increase of 14 percent. Using alternate delivery mechanisms such as community construction and vouchers, the required budget can be reduced to PKR 311 billion (US$ 1.37 billion) in 2035.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Pakistan","code":"PAK"}],"keywords":[{"name":"early childhood education"},{"name":"Pakistan"},{"name":"cost of universal access"}],"topics":[{"id":"H52","name":"Government Expenditures and Education","parent_id":"H5","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)"},{"uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","parent_id":"I1","id":"I10","name":"Health - General"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_requirements":"No other technology requirements","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8665U CPU @ 1.90GHz 2.11 GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.8 GB\n\u2013 Software version: Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2308 Build 16.0.1.16731.20542) 64-bit","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Amer Hasan","email":"ahasan1@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Population data from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2017)","uri":"https:\/\/www.pbs.gov.pk\/content\/final-results-census-2017","note":"Data was collected manually from the data URL and compiled in the Excel files with the calculations.","access_type":"Data is public"},{"name":"Private ECE enrolment from the Pakistan Education Statistics report 2020-21","note":"Data was collected manually from the data URL and compiled in the Excel files with the calculations.","uri":"https:\/\/pie.gov.pk\/SiteImage\/Publication\/PES%202020-21.pdf","access_type":"Data is public"},{"name":"Primary Education budget data from the Institute of Social and Policy Sciences (I-SAPS)","note":"Data was collected manually from the data URL and compiled in the Excel files with the calculations.","access_type":"Data is public","uri":"http:\/\/i-saps.org\/upload\/report_publications\/docs\/1697711647.pdf"},{"name":"Education data provided by provincial Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) of Pakistan","note":"Data was provided to the authors by each provincial EMIS upon request.","access_type":"Data is private. Replicators may contact the EMIS of Balochistan, Punjab, Sindh, the Islamabad Capital Territory, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for data access."},{"name":"Education unit costs from the provincial education departments of Pakistan","note":"Data was provided to the authors by each provincial education department upon request.","access_type":"Data is private. Replicators may contact the education departments of Balochistan, Punjab, Sindh, the Islamabad Capital Territory, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for data access."}],"data_statement":"Some data is confidential and has not been included in the package. For more details, please refer to the README file."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}