{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"role":"Verification and preparation of metadata","name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department"}],"prod_date":"2024-05-02","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"topics":[{"id":"I20","name":"Education and Research Institutions - General","parent_id":"I2","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"I21","name":"Analysis of Education","parent_id":"I2","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"data_statement":"All data is confidential and has not been included in the package.","authoring_entity":[{"name":"Jonathan Seiden","affiliation":"Harvard Graduate School of Education and World Bank","email":"jseiden@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Amer Hasan","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ahasan1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Diego Luna Bazaldua","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dlunabazaldua@worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2024-04","abstract":"Learning Poverty in Pakistan for primary-school aged children is estimated to be as high as 78% but little data exists on early learning experiences. This paper describes the state of classroom quality in 1,395 classrooms and the child development status of 8,249 children in a representative sample of 894 public schools in South Punjab using two measurement tools.  The Teach ECE classroom observation tool describes the structural and process quality features of classrooms and the Anchor Items for the Measurement of Early Childhood Development Direct Assessment (AIM-ECD DA) report on early learning and developmental outcomes of children aged 4-6 years old. The paper finds key gaps in the foundational skills of young children and areas for improvement both in the physical classroom and teaching practices. In examining relationships between teaching practices and ECD outcomes, we find a strong positive relationship across areas of process quality and domains of child development. Children studying in a high-quality classroom have outcomes that are equivalent to having been in school 9 months longer than similarly-aged children in an average quality classroom, suggesting that a sharper focus on teaching quality may improve child development outcomes and school readiness. We also find that, after accounting for teaching quality, degrees and certification are not associated with ECD outcomes, but that classes taught by female teachers have better ECD outcomes.","contacts":[{"affiliation":"Harvard Graduate School of Education and World Bank","name":"Jonathan Seiden","email":"jseiden@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.2.1"},{"name":"Stata","version":"17"}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_PAK_2024_120","title":"Reproducibility package for Early Learning in South Punjab, Pakistan: Investigating Child Development and Classroom Quality"},"geographic_units":[{"code":"PAK","name":"Pakistan"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Early Childhood Development"},{"name":"Classroom quality"},{"name":"Pakistan"},{"name":"pre-primary"},{"name":"primary"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_PAK_2024_120-v02","zip_package":"RR_PAK_2024_120-v02.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (code only) for Early Learning in South Punjab, Pakistan: Investigating Child Development and Classroom Quality","date":"2024-04","dependencies":"R: pacman, psych, readxl, writexl, lavaan, tidyverse, readstata13. Stata: estout. Instructions to reproduce the reviewers' R environment using \"renv\" and RStudio are included in the README. Dependency files for Stata are included in the folder \"dofiles\/ado\".","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"datasets":[{"name":"Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data merged with household data for the report \"Fostering Early Childhood Development\" by Tomlinson et al.","note":"MICS contains data for monitoring social indicators related to the well-being of women and children. The dataset used is from the MICS 2017-2018 conducted in Punjab. MICS data is publicly available on the MICS website after registration (https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/pakistan\/reports\/multiple-indicator-cluster-survey-2017-18-punjab). The dataset used is a modified version of the raw Punjab 2017-2018 MICS data that merged child-level indicators with household-level data. This data was used for the report \"Fostering Early Childhood Development\" by Tomlinson et al. (2023) and was provided by the authors of that report. File name: \"ch_hl_hh.dta\".","access_type":"Dataset is private. Replicators may contact the authors of \"Fostering Early Childhood Development\" (https:\/\/policycommons.net\/artifacts\/3742149\/fostering-early-childhood-development-english\/4548056\/) by Tomlinson et al. (2023) for access."},{"name":"Punjab Human Capital Investment Project (PHCIP) school data","access_type":"Dataset is private. Replicators may contact the Program Management and Implementation Unit of the School Education Department (Punjab, Pakistan) for access.","note":"The dataset contains the full list of 3,400 schools part of the PCHIP and 900 schools indicated for the paper's sample along with additional school-level information. File name: \"PHCIP 3400 Schools with Baseline Sample 900 Schools Tagged.xlsx\"."},{"note":"The dataset contains an extract from Punjab census data listing only all primary-level schools in Punjab. File name: \u201cdataset for HCI Districts having primary portion K-5 only.xlsx\u201d.","name":"South Punjab 2017 School Census from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2017)","access_type":"Dataset is private. Replicators may contact the Program Management and Implementation Unit of the School Education Department (Punjab, Pakistan) for access."},{"name":"Early Childhood Education Baseline Survey in South Punjab","note":"The dataset contains child-level data on the Anchor Items for the Measurement of Child Development \u2013 Direct Assessment (AIM-ECD) and basic demographic information, classroom observations using the Teach ECE tool, and teacher-level data with basic demographic information. Data files: \u201cPak_Punjab2022_clean.dta\u201d (students), \u201cteach_labelled.dta\u201d (classroom), \u201cModule 6 -teacher dataset_d.dta\u201d (teacher).","access_type":"Dataset is private. Replicators may contact the Program Management and Implementation Unit of the School Education Department (Punjab, Pakistan) for access."}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 8 minutes","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on two computers:\n\u2022 Computer 1:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2013 Software version: R 4.3.2; Stata 17\n\u2022 Computer 2:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor:Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8665U CPU @ 1.90GHz 2.11 GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.8 GB\n\u2013 Software version: R 4.2.1; Stata 18","output":[{"title":"Early Learning in South Punjab, Pakistan: Investigating Child Development and Classroom Quality","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10764","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099147405072416150","type":"Working paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10764"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}