{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-05-14","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_121","title":"Reproducibility package for Linking Export Activities to Productivity and Wage Rate Growth"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Luis Aguilar Luna","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"laguilar@colmex.mx"},{"name":"Deborah Winkler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dwinkler2@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10737","title":"Linking Export Activities to Productivity and Wage Rate Growth","authors":"Luis Aguilar Luna and Deborah Winkler","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099917103262437014\/IDU16c0a77731bf9814c961896f14d6f9f32dc9b","doi":"https:\/\/chooser.crossref.org\/?doi=10.1596%2F1813-9450-10737"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Trade in Employment","uri":"https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TIM_2021. ","note":"Source:  OECD (2021), Trade in Employment.\nThe analysis uses the 2023 release of the database Trade in Employment (TIM 2023). It includes data from 1995-2020. The data can be downloaded from the following link. \nEach variable has to be downloaded separately by clicking on the Export\u2019s dropdown menu and selecting \u201cRelated files\u201d which gives access to the zip files of each available variable. The files to be downloaded (variables of interest) are EMPN, EXGR_ECD, ECGR_CI, EXGR_CER, EXGR_DCE, ECGR_DEM, ECGR_EMD, ECGR_EMI, ECGR_EMR and LABR. The raw files for each of these variables are in \u201c\/Data\/TIM2023\/Raw files","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Trade in Value Added","note":"Source:  OECD (2023), Trade in Value Added.\nThe analysis uses the 2023 release of the database Trade in Value Added (TIVA 2023). It includes data from 1995-2020. The data can be downloaded from the link below. Each variable has to be downloaded separately by clicking on the Export\u2019s dropdown menu and selecting \u201cRelated files\u201d which gives access to the zip files of each available variable. The files to be downloaded (variables of interest) are: EXGR, EXGR_DDC and VALU. The raw files for each of these variables are in \u201c\/Data\/TIVA2023\/Raw files\u201d.","uri":"https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TIVA_2022_C1","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"World Development Indicators ","note":"Source: World Bank\nA detailed list of all the indicators used can be found in the README file.\nThe raw dataset can be found in \u201c\\Data\\Other Data\\Deflators\u201d ","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/reports.aspx?source=2&Topic=6#advancedDownloadOptions","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalogfiles.worldbank.org\/ddh-published\/0037712\/DR0090754\/OGHIST.xlsx","note":"The analysis uses the historical country classification by country available in the link below. The relevant sheet is \u201cCountry Analytical History\u201d. The dta version of this data can be found in \u201c\/Data\/Other Data\u201d under the name \u201cIncome\u201d."},{"name":"Global value chain (GVC) taxonomy group by World Bank","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/wdr2020\/brief\/world-development-report-2020-data","note":"The analysis uses the four basic groups following the GVC taxonomy developed for the World Development Report (World Bank 2020). The classification table can be downloaded from Chapter 2 in the link below. "}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_WLD_2024_121.zip","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2024_121.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (data and code) for Linking Export Activities to Productivity and Wage Rate Growth","date":"2024-05","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder contained in the reproducibility package.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"acknowledgment_statement":"This paper was developed for the project \u201cLeveraging trade for more and better job opportunities in developing countries\u201d and also serves as input to the project \u201cJobs and growth in developing countries\u201d (both reports are forthcoming). The authors thank S\u00e9bastien Dessus, Aart Kraay, Maryla Maliszewska, Gaurav Nayyar, Mart\u00edn Rama, and Shu Yu for very helpful suggestions and discussions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank Group and its affiliated organizations, its Executive Directors or the governments they represent.","production_date":"2024-05","abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between trade and job quality, using productivity and wage rate data for export and non-export activities in a sample of 60 countries across all income levels and 45 sectors spanning the whole economy over 1995-2019. First, the country-level analysis finds that workers involved in export activities are more productive and better paid than those in non-export activities. While the productivity premium for export activities is confirmed in low- and middle-income countries, there is no wage rate premium. Second, this study finds a positive relationship between exports and labor productivity at the country-sector level. Countries\u2019 specialization in global value chains and sectors matters for the relationship between exports and job quality, with manufacturing, agriculture, and business services showing stronger associations. The link between exports and the wage rate is smaller than for productivity. Finally, productivity and wage rate growth decompositions shed light on underlying drivers of growth. Within export activities, productivity and wage increases were dominated by within-sector growth, although labor movement toward more productive sectors also matters in low- and middle-income countries.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Economic development"},{"name":"international trade"},{"name":"export activity"},{"name":"labor productivity"},{"name":"wage rate"}],"topics":[{"id":"F14","parent_id":"F1","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade"},{"id":"F16","parent_id":"F1","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Trade and Labor Market Interactions"},{"id":"F66","parent_id":"F6","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Labor"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2022 Processor: IIntel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 2900 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 16.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18","technology_requirements":"~20 minute runtime","reproduction_instructions":"To successfully replicate this package, new users must change the file paths in the two do files and run them in the order specified in the README file. ","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Deborah Winkler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dwinkler2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"data_statement":"All data is public and contained in the reproducibility package."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}