{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG ","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department ","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata "}],"prod_date":"2024-05-30","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Britta Rude","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brude@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Monica Robayo-Abril","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mrobayo@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP)","title":"Statistical Matching for Combining the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions and the Household Budget Surveys: An Evaluation of Energy Expenditures in Bulgaria"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) of the European Union","uri":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/microdata\/european-union-statistics-on-income-and-living-conditions","note":"EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). Data file: \"SILC_2017_2020.dta\".","access_type":"The EU-SILC dataset can be requested from Eurostat under a data usage agreement. For more information on how to get access to the EU-LFS see the data URL."},{"name":"Bulgaria National Household Budgets Survey (HBS)","note":"The main objective of the household budget survey is to get reliable and scientifically founded data on the income, expenditure, consumption and other elements of the living standard of the population as well as changes which have occurred during the years. Data files: \"hh_basic_2019_HBS_BG.xlsx\", \"hm_basic_2019_HBS_BG.xlsx\", and \"consumptionagg.dta\".","access_type":"Access to the national HBS data is based on an approval process, a detailed research proposal, confidentiality agreements signed by each team member, and some standard forms sent by the Bulgarian National Statistics Institute (NSI). Access will be granted to all those with a valid research agreement and removed at the end of the agreement unless the user sends an extension or revised agreement. Additional information is included in the README.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/14843\/basic-page\/license-use-statistical-information-produced-and-disseminated-national-statistical-institute","uri":"https:\/\/www.nsi.bg\/en\/content\/3168\/households-income-expenditure-and-consumption"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_BGR_2024_93-v02","zip_package":"RR_BGR_2024_93-v02.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (code) for Statistical Matching for Combining the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions and the Household Budget Surveys: An Evaluation of Energy Expenditures in Bulgaria","date":"2024-05","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","dependencies":"Stata: outreg2, estout, mat2txt, apoverty, venndiag (from SSC). Dependency files for Stata are included in the folder \"Code\/Do\/ado\"."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_BGR_2024_93","title":"Reproducibility package for Statistical Matching for Combining the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions and the Household Budget Surveys: An Evaluation of Energy Expenditures in Bulgaria"},"production_date":"2024-05","abstract":"Energy poverty has gained attention in the context of increasing energy prices and the recent energy crisis in Europe. However, measuring energy poverty and characterizing the energy poor is challenging, given that expenditure surveys (household budget surveys) often need more information to characterize the energy poor. Additionally, there is no consensus on how to measure and monitor energy poverty. It is also unknown how and why it differs from income poverty. While income poverty relies on a well-defined poverty line, energy poverty does not have a clearly defined energy poverty line that indicates the minimum energy necessary for satisfying basic needs. In addition, monetary poverty and other welfare measures are measured with income in EU countries using the European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Therefore, it is not straightforward to characterize energy affordability among the monetary income poor or to estimate the overlap between official income poverty and energy poverty. This paper explores statistical matching as a potential strategy to overcome these data challenges in the context of Bulgaria. Via data fusion, we generate a unique dataset that contains information on energy spending shares, income-based indicators of poverty and inequality, and additional variables on households' living conditions and welfare. For this purpose, we first generate a harmonized dataset, which consists of EU-SILC and household budget survey data. We then employ different imputation models and choose the best-performing one to impute energy spending shares into EU-SILC data. Based on the resulting dataset, we overlay energy poverty with monetary poverty. Our findings show that a large share of the energy poor is not income poor, calling for differentiated policy measures to tackle energy poverty. Importantly, these findings depend on the underlying definition of energy poverty. This paper contributes to a growing body of literature exploring the potential of statistical matching to improve the current data environment in the European Union.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Bulgaria","code":"BGR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"energy poverty"},{"name":"statistical matching"},{"name":"poverty"},{"name":"data fusion"},{"name":"imputation"},{"name":"EU-SILC"},{"name":"Bulgaria"}],"topics":[{"id":"O13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Agriculture \u2022 Natural Resources \u2022 Energy \u2022 Environment \u2022 Other Primary Products","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":"P28","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Natural Resources \u2022 Energy \u2022 Environment","parent_id":"P2"},{"id":"Q42","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","parent_id":"Q4","name":"Alternative Energy Sources"},{"id":"D12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","parent_id":"D1","name":"Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis"},{"id":"C15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","parent_id":"C1","name":"Statistical Simulation Methods: General"},{"id":"C52","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","parent_id":"C5","name":"Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection"}],"data_statement":"All datasets used are restricted and not included in the reproducibility package.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 @ 2.60GHz 1.50 GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18 MP","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 20 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3 ","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Britta Rude","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brude@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}