{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"abbr":"DIME","name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-06-11","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_SLE_2024_150","title":"Reproducibility package for A Comparative Analysis of Contract and Government Teachers in Sierra Leone: Profiles and Practices"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Emma Cameron","email":"ecameron1@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Marcela Gutierrez Bernal","email":"mgutierrezb@worldbankgroup.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mshojo@worldbank.org","name":"Mari Shojo"},{"name":"Namrata Raman Tognatta","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ntognatta@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Mokhlesur Rahman","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mrahman2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Ali Ansari","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aansari2@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) ","title":" A Comparative Analysis of Contract and Government Teachers in Sierra Leone: Profiles and Practices","authors":"Emma Cameron, Marcela Gutierrez Bernal, Mari Shojo, Namrata Raman Tognatta, Mokhlesur Rahman, and Ali Ansari"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_SLE_2024_150.zip","zip_package":"RR_SLE_2024_150.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (code) for A Comparative Analysis of Contract and Government Teachers in Sierra Leone: Profiles and Practices","date":"2024-06","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder in this reproducibility package. ","instructions":"See README in the reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"production_date":"2024-06","abstract":"This study examines the dynamics and implications of using contract teachers in developing countries, with a specific focus on Sierra Leone. Despite the rapid rise in the number of contract teachers across Sub-Saharan Africa, with almost 70% of all primary level teachers hired via contracts, relatively little is still known about them, as well as their impact on education policy and learning. This is critical given the predominance of contract teachers, who are not on the government payroll and are often hired outside the conventional system, as a strategic response to the acute shortage of qualified teaching personnel and the growing pressures on educational systems due to increased enrollment. Drawing on data from the World Bank\u2019s Global Education Policy Dashboard (GEPD), the study compares the profiles and practices of primary level contract and government teachers in Sierra Leone. \nThe findings reveal that despite lower pre-service training and different incentive structures, contract teachers perform comparably to their government counterparts on several teaching practice indicators. They also engage more in in-service training, possibly as a mechanism to \"catch up\" with the formal qualifications of government teachers. Similarly, teachers fourth grade content knowledge suggests that while government teachers possess higher literacy knowledge, contract teachers score slightly higher in math content knowledge. However, disparities still exist in student learning outcomes, with students taught by government teachers outperforming those taught by contract teachers on both literacy and math assessments. These results should be interpreted with caution, as contract teachers tend to be allocated in hard-to-reach areas with higher poverty levels. However, even though these results do not establish causality, students may perform worse in contract teachers\u2019 classrooms due to a higher rate of absenteeism among contract teachers who often take on other jobs in addition to teaching. \nThis suggests that while contract teachers can mitigate teacher shortages, especially in rural and remote areas, the quality of education may be affected. The study also reveals higher levels of job dissatisfaction among contract teachers, likely due to their lower salaries and less stable job conditions.\nThe findings underscore the need for a nuanced approach in policymaking, one that not only fills teaching vacancies through contract teachers but also enhances the support, training and professional development opportunities for these educators. By improving the overall quality and consistency of teaching, Sierra Leone can better ensure that all students receive a quality education, irrespective of their teacher\u2019s contractual status.\n","geographic_units":[{"name":"Sierra Leone","code":"SLE","type":"Country"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Sierra Leone"},{"name":"education policy"},{"name":"contract teachers"},{"name":"government teachers"},{"name":"teaching quality"},{"name":"student outcomes"},{"name":"teacher training"},{"name":"job satisfaction"}],"topics":[{"id":"I18","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"I1","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Regulation \u2022 Public Health"},{"id":"I24","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"I2","name":"Education and Inequality"},{"id":"O15","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O1","name":"Human Resources \u2022 Human Development \u2022 Income Distribution \u2022 Migration"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"data_statement":"The data used in this project are confidential and cannot be shared due to strict data usage agreements. The authors do not have permission to distribute the data. For more information, please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the README file, and the data entries in the package, or contact the author, Emma Cameron, at ecameron1@worldbank.org.\n","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022  OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022  Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 2900 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022  Memory available: 15.6 GB\n\u2022  Software version: Stata version 18","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Emma Cameron","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ecameron1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"The Annual School Census (ASC)","access_type":"Data is confidential and not included in the reproducibility package. ","note":"Source: Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education (MBSSE). Includes core education data collection on schools, infrastructure, management, teachers, and facilities.\nThe datasets were provided by the Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education as part of a strong collaboration. There is no standard procedure to request the data, as the data is not typically made publicly available. Please see the README file for more details on the data. \nLocated at: rawdata\/2015 Teachers.xlsx, 2017 Teachers.xlsx, 2018 Teachers.xlsx,  2018 School.xlsx, 2019 Teachers.csv, ASC2020 teachers.dta, 2021 Teachers.csv, 2021 teacher_Koindugu.csv, 2022 School.xlsx, 2022 Teachers.xlsx"},{"name":"Global Education Policy Data","note":"Source: World Bank, Global Education Policy Dashboard Team. \nThe dataset was provided directly by the team to the authors and is not yet publicly available. \nThis analysis utilized the school survey which collects data on schools, school leaders, teacher profiles and knowledge assessments, student assessments, and classroom observation. An anonymized version will soon be up on the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocated at: rawdata\/GEPD_g4student_teacher_school_country_level.dta, GEPD_school_country_level.dta, GEPD_teacher_school_country_level.dta, GEPD_weights. ","access_type":"Data is confidential and not included in the reproducibility package. An anonymized version will soon be in the World Bank Microdata Library.","uri":"Forthcoming at https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/"},{"name":"Teach Primary Data","note":"Source: World Bank, Teach Primary Team. \nThe Teach Primary Country Comparable Dataset was personally developed and supplied by the Teach Primary team. This dataset was crafted to facilitate the comparison of aggregated Teach Scores across a set of region and income peers for Sierra Leone. To ensure anonymity and safeguard the privacy of the countries involved, this dataset is not included in the package. There is no standard procedure available for accessing this dataset. For inquiries or potential access, please refer to the Teach Primary team via the provided link below.\nLocated at: rawdata\/Teach_peers.xlsx","access_type":"Data is confidential and not included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/education\/brief\/teach-helping-countries-track-and-improve-teaching-quality"}],"technology_requirements":"~15 minutes runtime","reproduction_instructions":"The data utilized in this study is confidential and cannot be shared publicly, nor is there a standard procedure available for acquiring it. As a result, reproducing the results presented in the study may be challenging. However, this package includes detailed code and a comprehensive reproducibility report to outline the analytical processes used by the authors. These resources aim to aid replicators in understanding and evaluating the methodologies employed, despite the inability to independently verify the exact results due to data access restrictions."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}