{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-06-13","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Aletheia Donald","email":"adonald@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Markus Goldstein","email":"markusgold@gmail.com","affiliation":"Amazon"},{"name":"Tricia Koroknay-Palicz","email":"tgonwa@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Mathilde Sage","affiliation":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine","email":"mathilde.sage@dauphine.eu"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","title":"The Fertility Impacts of Development Programs","authors":"Aletheia Donald, Markus Goldstein, Tricia Koroknay-Palicz and Mathilde Sage","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10848","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10848 ","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099518407102437684"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"17"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_SSA_2024_128.zip","zip_package":"RR_SSA_2024_128.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (code) for The Fertility Impacts of Development Programs","date":"2024-06","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder contained in the reproducibility package.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_SSA_2024_128","title":"Reproducibility package for The Fertility Impacts of Development Programs"},"acknowledgment_statement":"This paper is a product of the Gender Innovation Lab, Office of the Chief Economist, Africa Region. We would like to thank Oriana Bandiera, Kathleen Beegle, Lucia Corno, Sarah Desch\u00eanes, Paula Gobbi, Catherine Guirkinger, Damien de Walque, Kenneth Houngbedji, \u00c9lise Huillery, Annika Lindskog, Imran Rasul, Pauline Rossi, Tom Vogl and C\u00e9line Zipfel for helpful comments. We are deeply grateful to the authors of the impact evaluations we used for this paper: Andrew Agyei-Holmes, Salman Alibhai, Mehrab M. Bakhtiar, Gautam Bastian, Niklas Buehren, Francisco Campos, Michael Frese, Kenneth Houngbedji, Leonardo Iacovone, Hilary C. Johnson, Florence Kondylis, David McKenzie, Mona Mensmann, Robert Osei, Michael O\u2019Sullivan, Isaac Osei-Akoto, Sreelakshmi Papineni, Harris Selod, Christopher Udry, and Kathrin Wolf. We are grateful to the World Bank Group\u2019s Umbrella Facility for Gender Equality for financial support. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.","production_date":"2024-06","abstract":"This paper examines how women\u2019s fertility responds to increases in their earnings and household wealth using six experiments conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Contrary to predictions that an increase in female earnings raises the opportunity cost of childbearing and that this will lower fertility, we find that an increase in the profits of female business-owners in Togo and Ethiopia results in them having more children. We also observe a positive fertility response to increases in the value of household assets induced by land formalization programs in Benin and Ghana. These results are driven by women who are in most need of sons for support in old age or in case of widowhood. Our findings suggest that women\u2019s lack of long-term economic security is an important driver of fertility in sub-Saharan Africa.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Sub-Saharan Africa","code":"SSA","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"fertility"},{"name":"households"},{"name":"Sub-Saharan Africa"}],"topics":[{"id":"J13","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"J1","name":"Fertility \u2022 Family Planning \u2022 Child Care \u2022 Children \u2022 Youth"},{"id":"O12","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O1","name":"Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development"},{"id":"D13","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"D1","name":"Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation"},{"id":"J12","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"J1","name":"Marriage \u2022 Marital Dissolution \u2022 Family Structure \u2022 Domestic Abuse"},{"id":"I32","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"I3","name":"Measurement and Analysis of Poverty"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_requirements":"~5 minutes runtime","reproduction_instructions":"The reproducibility verification was conducted virtually due to the confidential nature of the data, which was not shared with the reproducibility team and is not included in the package. The package does include the code, results, and log files, allowing replicators to review the entire process used by the authors. For more details about the data, please refer to the README file or contact Mathilde Sage at mathilde.sage@dauphine.eu.","technology_environment":"The code was reproduced on the author's computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: macOS version 10.15.7\n\u2022 Processor:  Intel Core i7 processor running at 2.8 GHz\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 17","contacts":[{"email":"mathilde.sage@dauphine.eu","affiliation":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine","name":"Mathilde Sage"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Impact Evaluation of the Nationwide Land Tenure Regularization (LTR) Program in Rwanda (2015)","access_type":"Data is not publicly available and not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Ali, Daniel; Deininger,Klaus W.; Goldstein,Markus P.; La Ferrara,Eliana. Empowering women through land tenure regularization: evidence from the impact evaluation of the national program in Rwanda. Development research group case study Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/241921467986301910\/Empowering-women-through-land-tenure-regularization-evidence-from-the-impact-evaluation-of-the-national-program-in-Rwanda"},{"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial of a Land Formalization Program in Benin (2018) ","access_type":"Not included in the package. Data might be available upon requesting the authors.","note":"Source: Goldstein, Markus; Houngbedji, Kenneth; Kondylis, Florence  O'Sullivan, Michael; and Selod, Harris. Formalization without certification? Experimental evidence on property rights and investment. Journal of Development Economics, 132, 57\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2017.12.008"},{"note":"Source: Campos,Francisco;  Frese,Michael; Goldstein, Markus;  Iacovone, Leonardo; Johnson, Hillary C.; McKenzie, David and Mensmann, Mona. Teaching personal initiative beats traditional training in boosting small business in West Africa. Science Advances, 5, 7, (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan5329","name":"Randomized Controlled Trial in Togo (2017)","access_type":"Data is not publicly available and not included in the reproducibility package."},{"note":"Source: Alibhai,Salman; Buehren,Niklas; Frese,Michael Dr.; Goldstein,Markus P.; Papineni,Sreelakshmi; Wolf,Kathrin. Full Esteem Ahead Mindset-Oriented Business Training in Ethiopia. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 8892 Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/247671560784088055\/Full-Esteem-Ahead-Mindset-Oriented-Business-Training-in-Ethiopia\n","name":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Women-owned Micro and Small Enterprises in Ethiopia (2019)","access_type":"Data is not publicly available and not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial of Experienced Businesswomen in Ethiopia (2022)","note":"Source: Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Bastian, Gautam; Goldstein, Markus P. Business Training and Mentoring : Experimental Evidence from Women-Owned Microenterprises in Ethiopia. Policy Research working paper, no. WPS 9552 Washington, D.C: World Bank Group. http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/123731614020646755\/Business-Training-and-Mentoring-Experimental-Evidence-from-Women-Owned-Microenterprises-in-Ethiopia","access_type":"Data is not publicly available and not included in the reproducibility package."}],"data_statement":"The datasets used in this meta-analysis are not publicly available. They consist of proprietary data collected by the World Bank Gender Innovation Lab, which was shared with the authors. As most of the contributing authors have pending publications that utilize these datasets, they have chosen not to make the data publicly available before their own publications.\n","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}