{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"\t\nVerification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-06-20","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Echoes of Exodus: The Rohingya Impact on Bangladesh\u2019s Development","idno":"RR_BGD_2024_156"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alvin Etang Ndip","email":"aetangndip@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Sandra V. Rozo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"sandrarozo@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Urbina","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"murbinaflorez@worldbank.org"},{"affiliation":"World Bank","name":"Christina Wieser","email":"cwieser@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) ","title":"Echoes of Exodus: The Rohingya Impact on Bangladesh\u2019s Development","authors":"Alvin Etang Ndip, Sandra V. Rozo, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Urbina, Christina Wieser"}],"acknowledgment_statement":"We would like to thank Roberto Mendoza for his excellent work processing the remote sensing data. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. All errors are our own.\n","production_date":"2024-06","abstract":"This study examines the impact of refugee camp hosting on local communities, focusing on the Rohingya crisis in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. It employs one-square kilometer grid-unit remote sensing measurements of annual night light density, deforestation, and land use, alongside with panel data from individuals residing near the camps in 2019 and 2023. By employing a difference-in-difference approach, the study compares areas and individuals situated at varying distances from the camps, both before and after the arrival of the displaced population from Myanmar\u2019s Rakhine State. The results highlight the complex dynamics at play in areas hosting displaced populations. Particularly, the estimates indicate that when proximity of a grid to the refugee camps increases by 30 kms (18.6 miles), night density increases by 1.7 percent and deforestation increases by 0.02 percent. Land use results align with these findings, showing a decline in dense-open forests and an increase in land covered by grass and crops. The analysis of individual-level data is consistent, suggesting that Rohingya\u2019s presence has been reflected on higher demand for formal jobs, better aid access, and more food consumption and variety largely attributed to the activities of humanitarian organizations. However, the presence of the displaced Rohingya population is also associated with heightened safety concerns and a higher prevalence of viral diseases such as diarrhea, fever, and cough.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Bangladesh","code":"BGD","type":"Country"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Refugees"},{"name":"Deforestation"},{"name":"Labor Market"}],"topics":[{"id":"J1","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Demographic Economics","parent_id":"J"},{"id":"J6","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers","parent_id":"J"},{"id":"O1","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Economic Development","parent_id":"O"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Night Light Luminosity Data","note":"Source: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS).\nLocated at: RawData\/nlight.dta.\nThe night light luminosity data was harmonized using intercalibration methods to ensure consistency between the DMSP-OLS and VIIRS datasets. For more details on the construction, refer to the Technical Report Remote Data included in the reproducibility package.\n","uri":"http:\/\/ngdc.noaa.gov\/eog\/dmsp\/downloadV4composites.html, http:\/\/ngdc.noaa.gov\/eog\/viirs\/download_dnb_composites.html","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Hansen Global Forest Change Dataset","note":"Source: Google Earth Engine database. \nLocated at: RawData\/loss_forest.dta.\nThe deforestation data was derived from the Hansen Global Forest Change dataset, using raster images to assess forest loss over time. For more details on the construction, refer to the Technical Report Remote Data.","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/earthenginepartners-hansen\/GFC-2023-v1.11\/download.html"},{"name":"Land Use Data","note":"Source: MODIS Land Cover Type\/Dynamics, managed by NASA.\nLocated at: RawData\/land_use.dta\nThe land use data was obtained from the MODIS Land Cover Type dataset, which offers global land cover information with yearly intervals. For more details on the construction, refer to the Technical Report Remote Data.","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/modis.gsfc.nasa.gov\/data\/dataprod\/mod12.php"},{"note":"Source: Humanitarian Data Exchange. \nLocated at: RawData\/rcamps_coordinates.dta. \nThe following folder was used: `20230412_A1_Camp_Outlines.zip`, and exported the data to Stata format using the `shp2dta` command.\nProvides the latitude and longitude coordinates for all refugee camps in Cox's Bazar, derived from the Cox's Bazar shapefile.\n","uri":"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/outline-of-camps-sites-of-rohingya-refugees-in-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh?","name":"Refugee Camps Coordinates","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Cox's Bazar Panel Survey - Baseline","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/4528","note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocated at:  RawData\/cbps_baseline_wide.dta. \nThe Cox's Bazar Panel Survey data was provided directly by the Bangladesh Country Office to the authors. There is a public version available for the baseline at the following link. However, please note that this is not the same version as the one provided by Bangladesh Country Office. However, this link gives an idea of the contents of the data.\n\n"},{"name":"Cox's Bazar Panel Survey - Follow-up","note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocated at: RawData\/cbps_r2_household_wide.dta, cbps_r2_adult_host.dta\nThe Cox's Bazar Panel Survey data was provided directly by the Bangladesh Country Office to the authors, and there is no agreement to share this data publicly yet, as it hasn't been published. \n","access_type":"Not included in the package"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_BGD_2024_156.zip","zip_package":"RR_BGD_2024_156.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (partial data and code) for Echoes of Exodus: The Rohingya Impact on Bangladesh\u2019s Development","date":"2024-06","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder.","instructions":"See README in the reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 16 Core(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18","technology_requirements":"~10 minutes runtime","reproduction_instructions":"The follow-up survey data is currently not available, and therefore, the package will not run completely at this time. However, the package is expected to be amended to include the entire dataset in the future.\n\nDespite these limitations, this package includes detailed code, partial data, and a comprehensive reproducibility report to outline the analytical processes used by the authors. These resources aim to aid replicators in understanding and evaluating the methodologies employed, despite the inability to independently verify the exact results due to data access restrictions.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"affiliation":"World Bank","name":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Urbina","email":"murbinaflorez@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"data_statement":"Most of the data used for this study is publicly available. However, one of the main sources, the Cox's Bazar Panel Survey, was provided directly by the Bangladesh Country Office and the follow-up is not yet publicly available. The Cox's Bazar Panel Survey Follow up is expected to be made public in the future. ","language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"identifiers":[{"type":"DOI","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60572\/37pz-8e02"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}