{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-08-01","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Maryla Maliszewska","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mmaliszewska@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Deborah Winkler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dwinkler2@worldbank.org"},{"affiliation":"El Colegio de M\u00e9xico","email":"laguilar@colmex.mx","name":"Luis Alejandro Aguilar Luna"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Leveraging Trade for More and Better Jobs","idno":"FR_WLD_2024_162"},"datasets":[{"uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_TIM_2021%40DF_TIM_2021&df[ag]=OECD.STI.PIE&dq=FFD_DEM.._T.W.PT_EMP.A&pd=2015%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false","name":"Trade in employment (TiM) 2021 edition","note":"Source: OECD Stat. \nLocated at: Data\/TiM2021\/Raw files\/ indicators included are EMPN.csv, EXGR_CED.csv, EXGR_CEI.csv, EXGR_CER.csv, EXGR_DCE.csv, EXGR_DEM.csv, EXGR_EMD.csv, EXGR_EMI.csv, EXGR_EMR.csv, LABR.csv. \nTo download the data from the original source go to the following link, select the indicator, download the CSV file, and place it in the \"TiM2021\/Raw files\" folder. \n","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Trade in Value Added (TiVA) 2021 edition","note":"Source: OECD Stat. \nLocated at: Data\/TIVA2021\/Raw files\/ indicators included are DFD_FVA.csv, EXGR_DVA.csv, EXGR_FVA.csv, IMGR.csv, VALU.csv, EXGR.csv, EXGR_DVAFXSH.csv, EXGR_INT.csv, IMGR_FNL.csv, EXGR_DDC.csv  EXGR_FNL.csv, FFD_DVA.csv, IMGR_INT.csv.\nTo download the data from the original source go to the following link, select the indicator, download the CSV file, and place it in the \"TIVA2021\/Raw files\" folder. ","uri":"https:\/\/stats.oecd.org\/index.aspx?queryid=106160","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"TiM and TiVA - 2021 country sample","note":"Source: OECD. \nFollow the link below, go to \"documentation\", then \u201cAppendix A-TiM Country list\u201d.  \nLocated at: Other Data\/Cntrysample2021.dta\n","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=Tiva%202021&pg=0&snb=2&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_TIM_2021%40DF_TIM_2021&df[ag]=OECD.STI.PIE&df[vs]=1.0&dq=FFD_DEM.._T.W.PT_EMP.A&pd=2015%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false"},{"name":"Trade in Value Added (TiVA) 2023 edition","note":"Source: OECD Stat. \nLocated at: Data\/TiVA2023\/Raw files\/ indicators included are EXGR_DDC.csv, VALU.csv, EXGR.csv. \nTo download the data from the original source go to the following link, select the indicator, download the CSV file, and place it in the \"TiVA2023\/Raw files\" folder. ","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=tiva&pg=0&snb=14&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_TIVA_MAINLV%40DF_MAINLV&df[ag]=OECD.STI.PIE&df[vs]=1.0&dq=FFD_DVA.AUS..W..A&pd=2015%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false"},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES)","uri":"https:\/\/login.enterprisesurveys.org\/content\/sites\/financeandprivatesector\/en\/signin.html?resource=%2Fcontent%2Fsites%2Ffinanceandprivatesector%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Fcombineddata.html&$$login$$=%24%24login%24%24&j_reason=unknown&j_reason_code=unknown","access_type":"Public but does not allow republication. Publicly accessible through the World Bank's Enterprise Survey Portal below.  ","note":"Source: World Bank, Enterprise Survey.\nLocated at: Trade & Gender\/Firm Level TFP Estimates and Factor Ratios_April_09_2018.dta and New_Comprehensive_April_09_2018.dta\nThe user must follow the link below, log in, download the files Firm-Level-TFP-Estimates-and-Factor-Ratios-Data-and-Documentation and StandardizedNew2006-2018-core4, and place them in the correct folder with the specified name. "},{"name":"Trade in employment (TiM) 2023 edition","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_TIM_2023%40DF_TIM_2023&df[ag]=OECD.STI.PIE&dq=FFD_DEM.._T.W.PT_EMP.A&pd=2015%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false","note":"Source: OECD Stat. \nLocated at: Data\/TiM2023\/Raw files\/ indicators included are EMPN.csv, EMPN_EXGRDEM.csv, EXGR_CED.csv, EXGR_CEI.csv, EXGR_CER.csv, EXGR_DCE.csv, EXGR_DEM.csv, EXGR_EMD.csv, EXGR_EMI.csv, EXGR_EMR.csv, LABR.csv. \nTo download the data from the original source go to the following link, select the indicator, download the CSV file, and place it in the \"TiM2023\/Raw files\" folder. ","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","name":"World Development Indicators ","note":"Source: World Bank.\nLocated at: Data\/WDIData\/ILO_1.xslx (indicators included are Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate); and Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)), and Data\/WDIData\/TradeOpenness.xlsx (indicators included are Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports); Commercial service imports (current US$); Commercial service exports (current US$); Exports of goods and services (% of GDP); Exports of goods and services (annual % growth); Exports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$); Export value index (2000 = 100); Exports of goods and services (current US$); Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports); Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports); Food exports (% of merchandise exports); Food imports (% of merchandise imports); Goods imports (BoP, current US$); GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$); GDP per capita growth (annual %); High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports); Imports of goods and services (% of GDP); Imports of goods and services (annual % growth); Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$); \tImport value index (2000 = 100); Imports of goods and services (current US$); Merchandise imports (current US$); Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports); Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports); Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports); Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports); and Travel services (% of commercial).  service exports). ","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Gravity Data","uri":"http:\/\/www.cepii.fr\/CEPII\/en\/bdd_modele\/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=8","note":"Source: Centre for Prospective Studies and International Information (CEPPI). \nLocated at: Other Data\/dist_cepii.dta.\nFollow the link below, go to download, click on Stata, and open the \u201cGravity\u201d file, keep variable \u201ccontig\u201d and data only from 1995.\n","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocated at: Other Data\/Income.dta. \nFollow the link below, go to \u201chistorical classification by income in XLSX format.\u201d, sheet \u201cCountry Analytical History\u201d. "},{"name":"Country Codes and Names","note":"Source:  International Organization for Standardization (ISO). \nLocated at: Other Data\/country_codes_piaac.dta and Other Data\/countrynames.dta. \nThe authors constructed this data using the information provided in the ISO link. \nFor country_codes_piaac.dta, select the country's names, Alpha2, and Alpha3 codes, renaming the country names to country_iso3 for CountryCode and iso2 for country_gini. The list of needed countries is available in the README file. \nFor countrynames.dta, select the required country's names and Alpha3 codes, renaming the country name to country and the Alpha3 code to iso3. The list of needed countries is available in the README file. ","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui#search"},{"name":"Correspondence Table between Industry Codes","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?tm=Tiva%202021&pg=0&snb=2&df%5bds%5d=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df%5bid%5d=DSD_TIM_2021%40DF_TIM_2021&df%5bag%5d=OECD.STI.PIE&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=FFD_DEM.._T.W.PT_EMP.A&pd=2015%2C&to%5bTIME_PERIOD%5d=false","note":"Source: OECD. \nLocated at: Other Data\/Indcode_new_old.dta\nFollow the link below, go to \u201cTiM old versus new codes\u201d, and see the last table on page 3. ","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Correspondence Table among Industry Codes","note":"Source: Manually constructed by the team based on the ETD-ISIC Rev 4concordance  and ISIC-EORA concordance.\nLocated at: Other Data\/ISIC4_ETD_EORA.dta","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/www.wider.unu.edu\/database\/etd-economic-transformation-database, https:\/\/worldmrio.com\/documentation\/"},{"name":"Maritime Frontiers across Countries","note":"This file was manually created by the team based on google maps. \nLocated at: Other Data\/maritime_frontiers_islands.dta","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Country Group Taxonomy","note":"Source: World Bank.\nLocated at: Other Data\/Taxonomy_new_only_final.dta.\nFollow the link below, go to Chapter 1, download data, then go to \u201cMap 1.1\u201d sheet in \u201cWDR2020_chapter1_data\u201d file. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/wdr2020\/brief\/world-development-report-2020-data","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Reproducibility Package: Routine Task Intensity Data","note":"Source: The Role of Global Value Chains for Worker Tasks and Wage Inequality. \nLocated at: Data\/RTI\/dataset.dta.\nTo obtain the data file, replicators should follow the detailed instructions in the README file, and then include this dataset in the folder Data\/RTI\/ with the name dataset.dta.\nIf there are any questions regarding this dataset please contact the original author at piotr.lewandowski@ibs.org.pl.\nFor this dataset the replicators used the data provided directly by the authors. The reviewers did not verify if the reproducibility package linked matches the data provided by the authors.","access_type":"Confidential and not included with the package","uri":"https:\/\/piotr-lewandowski.pl\/code_database\/replication-package-for-the-technology-skills-and-globalization-explaining-international-differences-in-routine-and-nonroutine-work-using-survey-data-article-wber-2022\/"},{"name":"Reproducibility Package: Export Diversification from an Activity Perspective: An Exploration Using Occupation Data","access_type":"Published with the package","note":"Source: H. Kruse; M.P. Timmer; G.J. de Vries; X. Ye, 2023, \"Replication Data for: Export Diversification from an Activity Perspective: An Exploration Using Occupation Data\", https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34894\/9JQII1, DataverseNL, V1.\nLocated at: Data\/AiE\/income20.dta and Data\/AiE\/pwt100.dta. \nTo obtain from original source follow the link below and place the two listed data files in the \"AiE\" folder. \nAn additional dataset from the authors of this paper was provided directly to the authors. This dataset is not included in the linked package below, but it is included in this reproducibility package located at Other Data\/GGDC_extra.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/dataverse.nl\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.34894\/9JQII1"}],"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available, but not all are included in the reproducibility package. However, the replicators used data provided directly by the authors and did not verify if the publicly available data matches the data provided by the authors.","output":[{"type":"World Bank Reports & Flagships","title":"Leveraging Trade for More and Better Jobs","authors":"Maryla Maliszewska and Deborah Winkler","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099082824074054627\/P17853812dd3780221b31d15f2c6c4768ea"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"FR_WLD_2024_162.zip","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2024_162.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (partial data and code) for Leveraging Trade for More and Better Jobs","date":"2024-08","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder contained in the reproducibility package.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"acknowledgment_statement":"This report, Leveraging Trade for More and Better Jobs, was prepared by Maryla Maliszewska and Deborah Winkler (co-Task Team Leaders) under the overall guidance of Mona Haddad, Director for Trade, Investment, and Competitiveness, S\u00e9bastien Dessus, Practice Manager of the Global Trade and Regional Integration Unit, and Antonio Nucifora (former Practice Manager). The authors are grateful to Mart\u00edn Rama for his valuable advice and support with the drafting of the final report. The work was financed by the Umbrella Facility for Trade Trust Fund. This report presents an overview of underlying research produced by the following core team members: Luis Aguilar Luna, Hagen Kruse, Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Mad\u00f3n, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, Brenda Samaniego de la Parra, Ben Shepherd, Eugenia Suarez, Emmanuel Vazquez, and Gaaitzen de Vries. Valuable contributions were made by Erwin Corong, Malin Linnea Sofia Ed, Elcin Koten, Hans Lofgren, Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, Matteo Morgandi, and Wen Jean Yuan. The authors extend their gratitude to Bruce Ross-Larson and Chris Wellisz for their outstanding editorial support, Na Kyoung Kang for providing the design, and Youjin Choi for her helpful guidance on the publication process. Tanya Cubbins provided exceptional administrative assistance. The authors would also like to thank the participants of the two authors\u2019 workshops who served as chairs, discussants, and presenters, including Erhan Artu\u00e7, Paulo Bastos, Eddy Bekkers, Claudia Berg, Maxi Cali, Thomas Farole, Ana Fernandes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Douglas Nelson, Bob Rijkers, Raymond Robertson, Daria Taglioni, Enxhi Tresa, and Jorge Tudela Pye. In addition, the authors are grateful to the World Bank peer reviewers who provided useful comments that considerably helped to improve the quality of the report: Erhan Artuc, Mary Hallward-Driemeier, Claire Hollweg, Dino Merotto, and Nithin Umapati. Additional helpful comments were received from Aart Kraay, Daniel Lederman, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Gaurav Nayyar, and Shu Yu. Finally, the work benefited from useful discussions with Paul Brenton, Carlos Castelan, Harry Edmund Moroz, Jakob Engel, Bernard Hoekman, and Hernan Winkler.","production_date":"2024-08","abstract":"Trade exposure is traditionally seen as key to job creation and poverty reduction, but its efficacy is questioned amid global labor market upheavals and protectionist trends. Drawing on six underlying studies, this report uses disaggregated data from 1995 to 2019 to explore the nuanced impact of trade on jobs. Specifically, it investigates the impact of trade exposure on job creation, labor earnings, productivity, and job quality across countries with varying income levels. It finds that trade exposure, particularly in exports and global value chains, correlates with increased employment, especially in manufacturing where it is also associated with higher female workforce participation. Higher trade exposure is associated with increased labor earnings, with wage inequality decreasing in low- and middle-income countries due to global value chain integration. Labor productivity improves with export growth, especially benefiting unskilled workers in low-tech manufacturing and agriculture in developing countries. Job quality is also enhanced with more exports, transitioning to salaried employment positions and higher value-added activities outside of production. However, the report notes that trade exposure does not significantly boost job numbers or reduce earnings inequality in low-income countries. It also finds that the positive effects of trade on employment, earnings, and productivity have diminished following the global financial crisis of 2007. These findings offer insights into future job and trade policy strategies.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 2900 Mhz, 16 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 147 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18MP","reproduction_instructions":"- To successfully replicate this package, new users must access the public but non-redistributable data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys. Additionally, they should download the Routine Task Intensity Data Reproducibility Package sourced in the data entries and follow the detailed instructions in the README file available in this reproducibility package. \n 1. Once the required data is in the folder, update the file paths to match the location on your computer.\n 2. Run the main do-files:\n  - Code\/ReplicationMasterReport_GenDatav1\n  - Code\/ReplicationMasterReportv4","technology_requirements":"~60 minutes runtime","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Deborah Winkler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dwinkler2@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}