{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-08-07","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alexandros Ragoussis","email":"aragoussis@ifc.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Davide Rigo","email":"D.Rigo@lse.ac.uk","affiliation":"London School of Economics"},{"name":"Gianluca Santoni","email":"gianluca.santoni@cepii.fr","affiliation":"Centre for Prospective Studies and International Information (CEPPI)"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 10815","title":"The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment","authors":"Alexandros Ragoussis, Davide Rigo, Gianluca Santoni","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099414106242431322\/IDU1e54dc5941f94514f8e1ad111ba1e6ee0513d","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10815"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_WLD_2024_164.zip","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2024_164.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (partial data and code) for The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment","date":"2024-08","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder. ","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_164","title":"Reproducibility package for The Rising Concentration of Foreign Direct Investment"},"acknowledgment_statement":"Jonathan Boulle, Matisse Gauthier, and Eduardo Antonio Jimenez Sandoval who provided analytical input at early stages of the project; as well as Chiara Criscuolo, Ralf Martin, Paolo Mauro and participants to seminars at the IFC and OECD for helpful suggestions. The study has been prepared as background to the IFC-World Bank White Paper for Japan\u2019s Group of Seven (G7) Presidency, to inform discussions of finance ministers and central bank governors (FMCBG). The team gratefully acknowledges financial support from the World Bank Comprehensive Japan Trust Fund.","production_date":"2024-06","abstract":"Using two decades of granular data on foreign direct investments, this study shows a consistent global rise in the concentration of cross-border investments within fewer multinational firms. This concentration is most prominent in developing economies, reaching record highs in recent years. Structural shifts into services do not stand out as the primary driver of variation in investment concentration across countries and over time. Instead, concentration has grown significantly more in destinations facing high economic uncertainty.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)"},{"name":"Concentration"},{"name":"Development"},{"name":"Uncertainty"}],"topics":[{"id":"F63","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":" https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"F6","name":"Economic Development"},{"id":"L16","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":" https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"L1","name":"Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change \u2022 Industrial Price Indices"},{"id":"O24","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":" https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O2","name":"Trade Policy \u2022 Factor Movement Policy \u2022 Foreign Exchange Policy"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"data_statement":"Some data is confidential and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 2900 Mhz, 16 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 147 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18 MP\n","technology_requirements":"~20 minutes runtime","contacts":[{"name":"Alexandros Ragoussis","email":"aragoussis@ifc.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocated at: input\/deflators_1960-2022.dta","access_type":"Published with the package","name":"World Bank national accounts data","uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS?locations=US"},{"name":"EU Members Data","access_type":"Published with the package","note":"Internal compilation based on EU27 member states plus the United Kingdom. \nLocated at: input\/eu_members.dta"},{"name":"Gravity Data","access_type":"Published with the package","note":"Source: CEPII Gravity Database. \nLocated at: input\/gravity","uri":"http:\/\/www.cepii.fr\/cepii\/en\/bdd_modele\/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=8"},{"name":"International Financial Statistics ","note":"Source: International Monetary Fund (IMF). \nLocated at: input\/IFS_10-12-2023_14-30-09-97_timeSeries.csv","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/data.imf.org\/?sk=4c514d48-b6ba-49ed-8ab9-52b0c1a0179b"},{"name":"Industry Labels Data","note":"Internal compilation based on standard industry classifications. \nLocated at: input\/ind_labels.dta","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocated at: input\/P_Data_Extract_From_World_Development_Indicators_Service_share_gdp.xlsx and input\/data\/wb_income_hist_2023.dta.\nIndicator: Services, value added (% of GDP) [NV.SRV.TOTL.ZS]\n","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"Penn World Table","note":"Source: Penn World Table (PWT) 10.0.\nLocated at: input\/pwt1001.dta","uri":"https:\/\/www.rug.nl\/ggdc\/productivity\/pwt\/","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"name":"World Uncertainty Index","note":"Source: World Uncertainty Index\nLocated at: input\/WUI_Data.xlsx","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/worlduncertaintyindex.com\/data\/"},{"name":"EU KLEMS - National Accounts","uri":"https:\/\/euklems-intanprod-llee.luiss.it","note":"Source: Luiss Lab of European Economics at Luiss University in Rome.\nLocated at: input\/euklems_data.dta. \nThe Stata version can be downloaded from the \u2018National accounts\u2019 column in the following link. ","access_type":"Published with the package"},{"access_type":"Published with the package\n","name":"Crosswalk ISIC from NAICS","note":"Source: Authors compilation based on International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) and North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS).\nLocated at: input\/crosswalk_naics2d_to_isic1d.dta","uri":"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/publication\/seriesm\/seriesm_4rev4e.pdf, https:\/\/www.census.gov\/naics\/"},{"name":"International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)","note":"Source: United Nations.\nLocated at: input\/acq_industry_key_isic4.dta.\nAuthors compilation with information from the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) Rev 4.0.","access_type":"Published with the package","uri":"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/classifications\/Econ\/search"},{"name":"World Bank Country Classifications","access_type":"Published with the package","note":"Source: Internal compilation based on World Bank Country Classifications\nLocated at: input\/data\/countryname_fullconcordance2022.dta","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups?_gl=1*1gpl6sy*_gcl_au*ODg0Mzk5NzYxLjE3MjI4OTAzMDQ"},{"name":"Greenfield FDI Data","note":"Source: Financial Times fDi Markets database. \nLocated at: input\/data\/fdi_markets_2023_raw.dta","access_type":"Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/www.fdimarkets.com\/"},{"name":"M&A Data","access_type":"Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package","note":"Source: Thomson Reuters Refinitiv database\nLocated at: input\/MA_2022_raw.dta","uri":"https:\/\/www.lseg.com\/en\/data-analytics\/search\/datastream-macroeconomic-analysis?utm_content=Brand%20Product-US-G-EN-Phrase&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=748912_DatastreamBrandProductPaidSearch2023&elqCampaignId=20650&utm_term=thomson%20datastream%20database&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw_Na1BhAlEiwAM-dm7JRV9_O8Xj2SeiD4HxW-T2UBooOlsvcfIlqde9mjo05j1TSnS4gGJRoCrqYQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds"},{"name":"Worldscope","note":"Source: Thomson Reuters Worldscope Global Database\nLocated at: input\/worldscope_naics_revenue_top5.xlsx","access_type":"Licensed and not included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/www.lseg.com\/en\/data-analytics\/search\/datastream-macroeconomic-analysis?utm_content=Brand%20Product-US-G-EN-Phrase&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=748912_DatastreamBrandProductPaidSearch2023&elqCampaignId=20650&utm_term=thomson%20datastream%20database&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw_Na1BhAlEiwAM-dm7JRV9_O8Xj2SeiD4HxW-T2UBooOlsvcfIlqde9mjo05j1TSnS4gGJRoCrqYQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds"}],"reproduction_instructions":"The replication of the package was conducted using licensed data directly provided by the authors. Currently, the reproducibility package contains code and partial data, but it will not execute without the data from the licensed sources. The first step to run the package is to acquire the data from the three proprietary sources and save the data in the folders mentioned in the data entries and README file. Additionally, both the code and outputs are shared to demonstrate the process the authors followed to achieve their findings.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}