{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-08-27","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Gaurav Nayyar","email":"gnayyar@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Regina Pleninger","email":"rpleninger@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Dana Vorisek","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dvorisek@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Shu Yu","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"syu2@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10941","title":"Digitalization and Inclusive Growth:  A Review of the Evidence","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10941","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099010010022412266\/IDU1801d6a1a138fa1476619bf819382ed4cb0b7"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Bank Historical Classification of Countries by Income","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) and additional terms specified in the license URL","access_type":"Data is public and included in the reproducibility package","note":"Data was accessed in July 2024. Data file: \"OGHIST.xlsx\"."},{"name":"GovTech Dataset (October 2022)","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0037889\/govtech-dataset","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","access_type":"Data is public and included in the reproducibility package","note":"Data was accessed in July 2024. Data file: \"WBG_GovTech Dataset_Oct2022.xlsx\"."},{"name":"World Bank Open Data dataset","note":"Indicators used: GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $), individuals using the Internet (% of population), mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Data was accessed in August 2024 using the Stata package \"wbopendata\" with code included in the reproducibility package. 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"}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_190","title":"Reproducibility package for Digitalization and Inclusive Growth:  A Review of the Evidence"},"production_date":"2024-08","abstract":"This paper summarizes the evidence on the growth and distributional effects of digitalization through four channels: average productivity growth, employment and wages, access to markets, and government finances. First, digitalization has increased average productivity growth by better matching demand and supply, improving the efficiency of business processes, and boosting the accumulation of intangible capital. For developing economies, the productivity gains from \u201csmart\u201d automation and artificial intelligence (AI) that reduce labor costs may be lower than from the previous wave of information and communications technologies (ICT), which improved the matching of sellers to buyers by reducing search and coordination costs. Second, there is little evidence that ICT use has either reduced aggregate employment or resulted in job polarization in developing economies, unlike the experience of advanced economies. However, distributional challenges within countries might increase to the extent to which \u201csmart\u201d robots and AI need complementary skills. Third, digitalization has enhanced market access for rural households, small firms, and unbanked populations in developing economies through improving information flows. Fourth, digitalization has improved the efficiency of government spending on, and revenue mobilization for, public services and welfare programs through its effect on transparency, accountability, simplification of bureaucratic processes, and adoption of new delivery models.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Digital"},{"name":"Technology"},{"name":"Economic Growth"},{"name":"Jobs"},{"name":"Inequality"},{"name":"Development"}],"topics":[{"id":"O1","parent_id":"O","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Economic Development"},{"id":"O3","parent_id":"O","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Innovation \u2022 Research and Development \u2022 Technological Change \u2022 Intellectual Property Rights"}],"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"\t https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2022 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 @ 2.60GHz 1.50 GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18.0 MP","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 5 minutes","reproduction_instructions":"Users need to set the global path in line 10 of the main do-file \"Master_Do-file\" and run it to reproduce the results.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Regina Pleninger","email":"rpleninger@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"affiliation":"World Bank","name":"Reproducibility WBG","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}