{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2024-12-11","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Samik Adhikari","email":"sadhikari2@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Narcisse Cha\u2019ngom","email":"nchangom@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Heidi Kaila","email":"hkaila@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Maheshwor Shrestha","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mshrestha1@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"World Bank Policy Research Working Papers","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) 11000","title":"Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020","authors":"Samik Adhikari, Narcisse Cha\u2019ngom, Heidi Kaila, and Maheshwor Shrestha","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099430112132444489\/IDU1bc3557dc1f7ef140e9191dd1bcbc42955b21","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11000"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Bilateral Labor Agreements 1945-2020","note":"Source: Chilton, Adam, 2022, \"Bilateral Labor Agreements Dataset - Version 2 (2022)\", https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/QWSLYI, Harvard Dataverse.\nLocation: DATA\/BLAs_Coding_Data.dta; DATA\/BLAs_Formation_Data.dta. Dataset was downloaded by authors and used to create the main data for this package: Location: DATA\/BLA_Migration_data.dta. ","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/QWSLYI","access_type":"Included in the package"},{"name":"Bilateral Migration data 1960-2000","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/global-bilateral-migration","access_type":"Included in the package","note":"Source: World Bank, DataBank Global Bilateral Migration.\nThe dataset was downloaded by the authors and used to create the main data for this package, located at DATA\/BLA_Migration_data.dta.\nOriginal data: DATA\/P_Data_Extract_From_Global_Bilateral_Migration.xlsx.\nDocumentation on how this data was processed is available in the README file, which includes a detailed variable list and information on the dataset's construction. For further details, please refer to the README file or contact the author, Maheshwor Shrestha, at mshrestha1@worldbank.org","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"Bilateral Migration data 2010-2020","uri":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/international-migrant-stock","note":"Source: United Nations. International Migrant Stock.\nThe dataset was downloaded by the authors and used to create the main data for this package, located at DATA\/BLA_Migration_data.dta. \nOriginal data: DATA\/undesa_pd_2020_ims_stock_by_sex_destination_and_origin.xlsx.\nDocumentation on how this data was processed is available in the README file, which includes a detailed variable list and information on the dataset's construction. For further details, please refer to the README file or contact the author, Maheshwor Shrestha, at mshrestha1@worldbank.org","access_type":"Included in the package","license":"Creative Commons license CC BY 3.0 ","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"},{"name":"World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators","access_type":"Included in the package","note":"Source: Daniel Kaufmann and Aart Kraay (2023). Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2023 Update (www.govindicators.org). \nIndicator used: government effectiveness score. Dataset was downloaded by authors and manually added to the main dataset used for this package, variable name gee.\nLocation: DATA\/BLA_Migration_data.dta.\n\n","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/worldwide-governance-indicators","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"Country ISO3 codes","note":"Source: Created by the authors. ISO3 codes are assigned to origin and destination countries following World Bank standards.\nLocation:DATA\/countries_match.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package"},{"name":"Bilateral Migration Stocks Data ","note":"Source: Data created by the authors using the sources listed above.\nLocation: DATA\/BLA_Migration_data.dta. \nFor more information, please see the README file for a detailed variable list and more details on the construction of the dataset; or contact the author, Maheshwor Shrestha, at mshrestha1@worldbank.org\n\n","access_type":"Included in the package"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_WLD_2024_243.zip","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2024_243.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (data and partial code) for Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020","date":"2024-12","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the ado folder. ","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by the Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_WLD_2024_243","title":"Reproducibility package for Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020"},"production_date":"2024-12","abstract":"This paper estimates the impact of bilateral labor arrangements (BLAs) on migration between two countries. We use comprehensive data on bilateral migration and BLAs across all country pairs for each decade from 1960 to 2020, and employ an empirical specification with a rich set of fixed effects. In our preferred and most stringent specification, we find that signing a BLA increases migration from an origin to a destination country by 76 percent (0.57 log points) in the decade of signing. The effect persists for up to three decades. The impacts are higher for corridors without a pre-existing regular flow and for destinations in the Gulf Cooperation Council. In contrast, the effect is virtually absent for origin countries in Africa, driven by countries with weak government effectiveness. The estimates imply that BLAs can lead to substantial welfare gains: migrants from low- and lower-middle-income countries can earn an additional US$120 million annually from a single BLA.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"BLAs"},{"name":"migration"},{"name":"development"}],"topics":[{"id":"F22","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" International Migration ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"F2","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"J08","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Labor Economics Policies ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"J0","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"O15","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Maheshwor Shrestha","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mshrestha1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available, and included in the package. ","reproduction_instructions":"To run the package users must open \"Master_file.do\" and change the directory path in line 22 to be the corresponding location in their computer.","technology_requirements":"~ 10 minutes","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz   2.90 GHz  (2 processors)\n\u2013 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2013 Software version: Stata 18 MP "},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Open data"}],"schematype":"script"}