{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-01-23","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Tosin Gbadegesin","affiliation":"World Bank ","email":"tgbadegesin@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Bo Pieter Johannes Andr\u00e9e","email":"bandree@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","title":"Climate Shocks and Their Effects on Food Security, Prices, and Agricultural Wages in Afghanistan","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS10999","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-10999","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099903212122414533\/IDU18ea67e261706514cf21842c1d1f2cfc6bedd"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Rainfall data","note":"Source: Humanitarian Data Exchange\nLocated at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: rainfall","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/afg-rainfall-subnational"},{"name":" Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data","note":"Source: Humanitarian Data Exchange\nLocated at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: ndvi","uri":"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/afg-ndvi-subnational","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Subnational Administrative Boundaries data","note":"Source: Humanitarian Data Exchange\nLocated at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: ADM2","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/cod-ab-afg. "},{"name":"Exchange Rate data","note":"Source: World Bank Microdata Library\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: exchangeR","uri":"https:\/\/microdatalib.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/14848","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Agricultural Wage data","note":"Source: World Bank Microdata Library\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: exchangeR","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/4484"},{"name":"Global Food Price data ","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/research\/commodity-markets.","note":"Source: World Bank Commodities Price Data\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: GFoodP","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Domestic Food Price data","uri":"https:\/\/microdatalib.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/12415","note":"Source: World Bank Microdata Library\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: FoodP","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Fuel Price Data ","uri":"https:\/\/microdatalib.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/14847","note":"Source: World Bank Microdata Library\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: FuelP","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Food Insecurity data ","note":"Source: Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET)\nLocated at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: fews","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0064614\/harmonized-sub-national-food-security-data. "},{"name":"Population, Area, Terrain Ruggedness, Cropland, and Pastureland data","note":"Source: World Bank Microdata Library\nLocated at: Located at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: foodcrises","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/3811","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) ","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0064614\/harmonized-sub-national-food-security-data. ","note":"Source: Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET)\nLocated at: AFG Data.xlsx, sheet: fews","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_AFG_2024_241","title":"Reproducibility package for Climate Shocks and Their Effects on Food Security, Prices, and Agricultural Wages in Afghanistan"},"production_date":"2025-01","abstract":"This study examines the effects of climate and weather shocks on Afghanistan's agricultural economy, with an emphasis on food security, prices, and wages. By utilizing a dynamical model and a unique data set that includes monthly global and local food prices, agricultural wages, unofficial exchange rates, and local climate data, the research provides econometric estimates of the impacts of droughts and floods. The findings reveal that both flooding and drought significantly increase food insecurity, directly and indirectly. Directly, these climatic shocks are linked to heightened risks of food insecurity in the following months, even when controlling for price and wage fluctuations. Indirectly, droughts and floods drive up food prices and depress agricultural wages, further exacerbating food insecurity. The study suggests that enhancing climate resilience in the agriculture sector could mitigate these risks, stabilize local food prices and wages, and strengthen food security and the broader agricultural economy. The results also show that price data effectively capture food security shocks from various non-economic sources, and can serve as a versatile monitoring tool in situations where detailed data on food security are unavailable.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Afghanistan","code":"AFG","type":"Country"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Food Security"},{"name":"Crisis"},{"name":"Climate Shocks"},{"name":"Agriculture"},{"name":"Food Prices"}],"topics":[{"vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"C01","name":"Econometrics","parent_id":"C0"},{"vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"C14","name":"Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General","parent_id":"C1"},{"vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"C25","name":"Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models \u2022 Discrete Regressors \u2022 Proportions \u2022 Probabilities","parent_id":"C2"},{"vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"C53","name":"Forecasting and Prediction Methods \u2022 Simulation Methods","parent_id":"C5"},{"vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"O10","name":"General","parent_id":"01"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"Python","version":"3.11"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_AFG_2024_241","zip_package":"RR_AFG_2024_241.zip","title":"Reproducibility package (data and code) for Climate Shocks and Their Effects on Food Security, Prices, and Agricultural Wages in Afghanistan","date":"2025-01","dependencies":"All dependencies are  included in the folder \"ado\" for the Stata code and \"afgenv\" for the Python code.","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To successfully reproduce the analysis, follow these steps:\n1. The package uses only one file, 'AFG Data.xlsx,' which the authors have manually compiled from various data sources into a workbook with multiple sheets.\n2. Open the \"AFG Analysis Study.ipynb\" notebook and execute all code cells up to line 200 where AFG Stata Analysis Final.xlsx is being generated.\n3. Next, run the entire code in \"AFG Paper Study.do\" file in Stata which generated AFG Stata Analysis Result-09-27.csv file.\n4. Return to the \"AFG Analysis Study.ipynb\" notebook and execute the code from line 206 till the end.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 22H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6132 CPU @ 2.60GHz 2.60 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Python 3.11, Stata 18","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 4 hours","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Tosin Kolajo Gbadegesin","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"tgbadegesin@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"Code access "},{"tag":"Data access "},{"tag":"DOI"}],"schematype":"script"}