{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-02-20","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alaka Holla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aholla@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Yilin Pan","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ypan@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","title":"Costs, cost-sharing, and cost drivers of a home visiting program: The case of PADIN in Brazil","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) ","authors":"Alaka Holla and Yilin Pan"}],"software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.2"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_BRA_2024_78.zip","zip_package":"RR_BRA_2024_78.zip","title":"Reproducibility package for Costs, cost-sharing, and cost drivers of a home visiting program: The case of PADIN in Brazil","date":"2025-02","dependencies":"All dependencies are stored in the renv environment in this reproducibility package. ","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_BRA_2024_78","title":"Reproducibility package for Costs, cost-sharing, and cost drivers of a home visiting program: The case of PADIN in Brazil"},"production_date":"2025-02","abstract":"Home visiting programs have demonstrated potential for tackling early deficits in children\u2019s cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional skills, but little is known about their costs or how much costs may vary across contexts. Using an ingredients-based approach for measuring all components of a program\u2019s costs, this study employs administrative data, survey data, GIS data, and interviews to estimate costs for a state-run home visiting program implemented in municipalities in Cear\u00e1, Brazil \u2013 the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Infantil (PADIN) or Child Development Support Program. Estimates suggest that the annual cost per child of the PADIN program is BRL 1,597 in 2018 or USD 438 for 10 months of implementation. The top three cost elements are compensation for the home visitors (27 percent of total costs), compensation for state-level personnel providing technical assistance and supervision (23 percent), and compensation for municipal-level supervision (14 percent).  The assembled cost data also suggest that municipalities make significant financial contributions to the program, bearing on average 38 percent of the costs of implementation. Finally, the cost data gathered for this analysis illuminate deficiencies in current administrative data used to monitor program implementation and the need for more careful and more deliberate tracking of spending. An analysis based solely on financial records of the program would have overestimated total costs by 27 percent but also completely missed costs for key resources such as the cost of municipal-level supervisory personnel borne by the municipalities. These discrepancies underscore the importance of using the ingredient-based method to capture actual resource use. ","geographic_units":[{"name":"Brazil","code":"BRA","type":"Country"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 16 Core(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: R 4.2","technology_requirements":"~5 minutes runtime","reproduction_instructions":"To successfully replicate this package, new users should follow these steps:  \n1. **Download** the package.  \n2. **Open** the R project (`.Rproj` file).  \n3. **Recreate** the R environment using the `renv` package by running:  \n `renv::restore()`\n4. **Run** the `0_Master_Script` file to execute the full replication process.\n- **Note:** The dataset required to reproduce *Figure A.5* is not included, so the figure will not be generated. However, the figure is available in the `output\/1_Exhibits` folder, allowing users to verify the version produced by the replicators.\n","data_statement":"Data is included in the reproducibility package. All data will be made available through the World Bank Microdata Library in the future.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"affiliation":"World Bank","name":"Yilin Pan","email":"ypan@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Program for the Support of Child Development Survey Data","note":"Source: The data was collected by the research team and provided by the collaborating government specifically for this project. It will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/survey_data_de-identified.csv.\nDescription: Contains responses on time use, salaries of key personnel, transportation modes, and training frequencies.","access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library."},{"name":"Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) Data","note":"Source: The data was collected by the research team and provided by the collaborating government specifically for this project. It will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/monitoring_and_evaluation_data_de-identified.csv.\nDescription: Includes M&E data, such as the number of supervisors and home visitors by municipality.","access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library."},{"name":"State Budget Data","note":"Source: The data was collected by the research team and provided by the collaborating government specifically for this project. It will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/state_budget_2018.csv.\nDescription: Financial spreadsheets detailing PADIN personnel, training, and food costs from the state government.","access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library."},{"name":"Municipality Budget Data","note":"Source: The data was collected by the research team and provided by the collaborating government specifically for this project. It will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/municipality_budget_de-identified.csv.\nDescription: Monthly expenditure reports for office supplies and food from 20 municipalities.\n","access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library."},{"access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.","name":"Simulated Transportation Data","note":"Source: The data was produced by the research team and will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/transportation_gps_de-identified.csv.\nDescription: Simulated transportation profiles, including estimated travel distances and GIS-based travel times.\n"},{"name":"Online Monitoring System Data","access_type":"Included in the package. Will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.","note":"Source: The data was collected by the research team and provided by the collaborating government specifically for this project. It will be made publicly available through the World Bank Microdata Library.\nLocation: data\/1_De-identified\/online_monitoring_de-identified.csv.\nDescription: Records from the Online Monitoring System, including the number of supervisors, home visitors, families, children, visits, and meetings by municipality.\n"},{"name":"Municipalities Statistics Data","note":"Source: The data was compiled by the research team using 2018 information from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE).\nlocated at: data\/1_De-identified\/municipality_statistics_de-identified.csv.\n\nSource: The data was compiled by the research team using 2018 information from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE).\n\nFile Location (Not Included): data\/1_De-identified\/municipality_statistics_de-identified.csv\n\nThis file contains public information where municipalities are labeled as M1, M2, M3, consistent with the other datasets. However, since these codes could potentially be linked to other datasets containing sensitive information (such as budget data), there is a risk of re-identification. For this reason, the file is not included in the package.\n\nVariables included: \n\nArea (IBGE Territorial Areas: https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/en\/geosciences\/territorial-organization\/territorial-organization\/18092-territorial-areas.html?edicao=24088&t=downloads);\nPopulation Size (IBGE Population Estimates: https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/en\/statistics\/social\/population\/18448-estimates-of-resident-population-for-municipalities-and-federation-units.html);\nGDP per Capita (IBGE GDP by Municipality: https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/en\/statistics\/economic\/national-accounts\/19567-gross-domestic-product-of-municipalities.html?edicao=29732&t=downloads)\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package. See more details in the README file. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Cost"},{"name":"home-visiting program"},{"name":"Brazil"},{"name":"cost-sharing"},{"name":"ingredients method"},{"name":"early childhood development"}],"topics":[{"id":"I24","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Education and Inequality ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"I28","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Education: Government Policy ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"H52","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" National Government Expenditures and Education ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}