{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-03-18","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Ioana Botea","email":"ibotea@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Markus Goldstein","email":"mgoldstein@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Kenneth Houngbedji","email":"kenneth.houngbedji@ird.fr","affiliation":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD)"},{"name":"Florence Kondylis","email":"fkondylis@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Michael O\u2019Sullivan","email":"mosullivan@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Harris Selod","email":"hselod@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","title":"Certified to Stay? Long-Run Experimental Evidence on Land Formalization and Widows\u2019 Tenure Security in Benin","authors":"Ioana Botea, Markus Goldstein, Kenneth Houngbedji, Florence Kondylis, Michael O\u2019Sullivan, and Harris Selod","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099838204172598573","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11102","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (WPS11102)"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Plans Fonciers Ruraux Impact Evaluation 2011, Baseline Survey","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48529\/am76-g093","access_type":"Data on the Microdata Library is publicly accessible but does not allow redistribution.","note":"Source: World Bank\nPublicly available filenames: PRESELECTION.dta, XCOMMUNAUTAIRE.dta, XF.dta, XH.dta, XPPF.dta, XRM.dta, XRMT.dta\nRestricted filenames: XGPS.dta, XHS.dta\nUsers will ONLY be able to download the publicly available data files from the URL below. Restricted files, which contain identifiable data, are not accessible for download.\nOnce downloaded, the files must be saved in the \"\\data\\raw\\2011\" folder, ensuring the file names are the same.","license":"Public Use"},{"name":"Plans Fonciers Ruraux Impact Evaluation 2015, Follow-up Survey - Benin, 2015","note":"Source: World Bank Gender Innovation Lab\nFilenames: F.dta, H.dta, RM.dta, TRACHL.dta","access_type":"Restricted Data: There is no documented way to access the data, and they are not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Enqu\u00eate de suivi pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019effet des plans fonciers ruraux (PFR) sur les femmes et les veuves au B\u00e9nin - 2021","note":"Source: World Bank Gender Innovation Lab\nFilename: quest_audio_pfr_2021.dta","access_type":"Restricted Data: There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_BEN_2025_280","zip_package":"RR_BEN_2025_280","title":"Reproducibility package for Certified to Stay? Long-Run Experimental Evidence on Land Formalization and Widows\u2019 Tenure Security in Benin","date":"2025-03","dependencies":"All dependencies are included in the \"ado\" folder. ","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by the Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank."}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_BEN_2025_280","title":"Reproducibility package for Certified to Stay? Long-Run Experimental Evidence on Land Formalization and Widows\u2019 Tenure Security in Benin"},"production_date":"2025-03-18","geographic_units":[{"name":"Benin","code":"BEN","type":"Country"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","reproduction_instructions":"Since some data is restricted and not included in the reproducibility package, users will be only be able to replicate the analysis using the constructed data.\n\nTo successfully reproduce the analysis, users should follow these steps:\n1. Download the package.\n2. Open the do-file **00_main_dofile_with_final_data.do**,  update the directory paths in line 17, and run the script.\n3. The outputs generated by the code can be found in the log file **Botea_2025.txt**, located in the `\\Reproducibility package\\outputs` folder.\n\nNote: Users have access to all code files but due to data restriction not all will run. The main dofile that uses raw data, 00_main_dofile_with_raw_data.do, **will not run**, as users do not have access to the raw data. **To replicate this package users must run the main dofile that uses constructed data:** **00_main_dofile_with_final_data.do**","technology_requirements":"~2 hours runtime","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz, 16 Core(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"email":"kenneth.houngbedji@ird.fr","name":"Kenneth Houngbedji","affiliation":"IRD"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"abstract":"In settings where women\u2019s land rights are informal, the death of a husband can severely limit a widow\u2019s access to land and her ability to remain in her home\u2014especially in the absence of a male heir. We examine whether large-scale land formalization programs can improve widows\u2019 land access. Using data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Benin, we find that widows in villages with land formalization are more likely to stay in their homes four years after the program, with the strongest effects among those without a male heir. We identify two key mechanisms: enhanced community recognition of women\u2019s land rights and greater decision-making power over land resources. These findings highlight the potential of land formalization to strengthen women\u2019s tenure security and promote their long-term economic stability in similar settings.","keywords":[{"name":"property rights"},{"name":"land administration"},{"name":"gender"},{"name":"widowhood"},{"name":"intra-household insurance"}],"topics":[{"id":"D23","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Organizational Behavior \u2022 Transaction Costs \u2022 Property Rights","parent_id":"D2"},{"id":"I31 ","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"General Welfare, Well-Being","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":"J12","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Marriage \u2022 Marital Dissolution \u2022 Family Structure \u2022 Domestic Abuse","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":"J16","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Economics of Gender \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":"O17","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","name":"Formal and Informal Sectors \u2022 Shadow Economy \u2022 Institutional Arrangements","parent_id":"OI"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}