{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata\n"}],"prod_date":"2025-03-31","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Megan Lang ","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mlang@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_RWA_2025_293","title":"Reproducibility package for The Role of Market Frictions in Demand for Prepaid Electricity"},"production_date":"2025-03-31","abstract":"Prepaid electricity contracts lower enforcement costs but may burden consumers, particularly when market frictions are present. This paper presents the results of a randomized control trial where 2,000 randomly selected, rural Rwandese consumers were offered a line of credit for electricity payments. The line of credit lowered liquidity constraints and transaction costs. Twenty percent of consumers borrowed and demand for the credit was inelastic; however, the line of credit did not change average demand for electricity. Detailed administrative data reveal that consumers primarily used the line of credit to lower transaction costs, suggesting that rural consumers highly value convenience. The results highlight potential Pareto improvements from more flexible prepaid contracts.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Rwanda","code":"RWA","type":"Country"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Prepaid electricity"},{"name":"liquidity constraints"},{"name":"transaction costs"},{"name":"solar"}],"topics":[{"vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","id":"D12","name":"Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis","parent_id":"D1"},{"uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","id":"O12","name":"Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development","parent_id":"O1"},{"uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","id":"O13","name":"\tAgriculture \u2022 Natural Resources \u2022 Energy \u2022 Environment \u2022 Other Primary Products","parent_id":"O1"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (2017)","uri":"https:\/\/www.statistics.gov.rw\/datasource\/integrated-household-living-conditions-survey-eicv","note":"Source: National Institute of Statistics Rwanda\nFilenames: cs_S0_S5_Household.dta, cs_S1_S2_S3_S4_S6A_S6E_Person.dta, cs_S8A3_expenditure.dta, cs_S8B_expenditure.dta\nUsers can register and download the data directly from the URL provided below and save these files in the `\\Data\\rwa-nisr-EICV5-data_STATA' folder.\n","access_type":"Publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package. ","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license"},{"name":"BBOXX Ltd Administrative Data","access_type":"Data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/www.bboxx.com\/","note":"Source: BBOXX Ltd Filenames:  FINAL_Survey.xlsx, 2020 02 19 UR 1.csv, 2020 02 19 UR 2.csv, phone_admin_linked.csv, Clean_Use_RW.Rda, Cur_Cust.Rda, UR.Rda, dr_all.Rda, ids.Rda, ldf_full.Rda, pmt_panel.Rda, ur_enable2.Rda. This data contains customer-level data on system size adopted, date of adoption, who was offered the line of credit, borrowing from the line of credit, and all customer payments in the study period. See README for more details."},{"name":"Phone survey data","note":"Source: World Bank\nFilename: ipa_sur.csv, TmtMM.csv\nUsers can download the data directly from the URL provided below and save these files in the `Data' folder.","license_uri":" https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/","access_type":"Publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/ATY3PU"}],"software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.4.0"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_RWA_2025_293","zip_package":"RR_RWA_2025_293.zip","title":"Reproducibility Package for The Role of Market Frictions in Demand for Prepaid Electricity","dependencies":"All dependencies are included in \"renv.lock\""}],"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"reproduction_instructions":"Users will only be able to reproduce Figures A2, A3, and A5 as they rely on publicly available data. To successfully replicate these figures, users must follow these steps:\n\n1. Download the publicly available data and save them in the correct folders.\n2. Run the script **Replication - non-proprietary data.R**.\n3. Outputs will be saved in the \"Output\" folder.\n\nAll other figures and tables require access to restricted data, which the author accessed through a data-sharing agreement with BBOXX Ltd. However, all outputs are included in the \"Output\" folder. Users can compare these outputs with the exhibits presented in the paper for verification.\n\n**Note:** Users have access to all code files, but due to data restrictions, not all scripts will run. The script `Replication - proprietary data.R` will not run, as it uses restricted data.","technology_requirements":"~10 minutes","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 22H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6132 CPU @ 2.60GHz 2.60 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB\n\u2022 Software version: R 4.4.0","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Megan Lang","email":"mlang@worldbank.org","role":"World Bank"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","role":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","title":"The Role of Market Frictions in Demand for Prepaid Electricity","authors":"Megan Lang","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) WPS11097","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099534204092526611","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11097"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}