{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-04-07","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Diana C. Garcia Rojas","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dgarciarojas@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Nishant Yonzan","email":"nyonzan@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"},{"name":"Christoph Lakner","email":"clakner@worldbank.org","affiliation":"World Bank"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Global Inequality And Economic Growth: The Three Decades Before Covid-19 And Three Decades After","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_296"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"},{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Global Inequality And Economic Growth: The Three Decades Before Covid-19 And Three Decades After","date":"2025-04","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_296","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_296.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-04-07","abstract":"Global income inequality captures income differences among all individuals around the world. Global inequality around the world increased from 1820 to 1990 as incomes in richer countries grew faster than incomes in relatively poorer countries. Howeve, these trends have been reversed over the three decades starting in 1990. Inequality among all citizens of the world decreased as populous and relatively poorer countries, in particular China, reduced the income gap with richer parts of the world. rowth in average incomes played a critical role in this reduction, with differences within countries contributing relatively little. The Covid-19 pandemic abruptly halted the reduction in global income inequality and was responsible for the largest ncrease in global income inequality in at least three decades. The future of global inequality largely depends on how incomes grow in various parts of the world. If the trends of the last three decades continue, inequality may increase as growth in hose countries that drove the reduction in inequality now contributes to increasing inequality, since these countries are in the upper part of the global distribution. However, if poorer countries today grow faster than their richer peers, inequalitglobally could continue to fall. Climate adaptation and mitigation challenges will play an increasing role in shaping country-level growth trends and thus the changes in global income inequality.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Global Inequality"},{"name":"Economic Growth"},{"name":"Shared Socioeconomic Pathways"}],"topics":[{"id":"D30","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"D3"},{"id":" D31","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions","parent_id":"D3"},{"id":" O40","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"O4"}],"output":[{"type":"PRWP Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Global Inequality And Economic Growth: The Three Decades Before Covid-19 And Three Decades After"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Diana C. Garcia Rojas","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dgarciarojas@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"GDP projections under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","uri":"https:\/\/ssp-extensions.apps.ece.iiasa.ac.at\/download","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License","license_uri":"https:\/\/iiasa.ac.at\/terms-of-use","note":"Source: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).  IIASA SSP Scenario Explorer 3.1.0.\nLocation: 02-rawdata\/Growth\/ssp.dta.\nAccess year: 2024.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"Growth projections","note":"Source: World Bank and International Monetary Fund.\nThe file was created by the authors using the following sources:\nWorld Bank, Growth projections from the Global Economic Prospects (June 2024), original filename: projections_global_2050.dta;\nWorld Bank, Macro and Poverty Outlooks (April 2024);\nInternational Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2024).\n\nThe dataset includes the following variables: country code, region, year, source (referring to one of the sources listed above), GDP per capita growth pre-COVID, and baseline GDP per capita growth.\nLocation: 02-rawdata\/Growth\/GDP_GEP202406.dta.\nAccess year: 2024.","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/250\/related-materials, https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/macro-poverty-outlook, https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets, https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/About\/copyright-and-terms"},{"name":"World Bank Classification Data","note":"Source: World Bank. Global Poverty & Inequality Data team (GPID).\nLocation: 02-rawdat\/Other\/CLASS_FY24.dta.\n","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/GPID-WB\/Class\/blob\/master\/OutputData\/CLASS.dta","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"Poverty and Inequality Platform","note":"Source: World Bank. Poverty and Inequality Platform (version September 2024). \nAccess year: 2024.\nLocation: 02-rawdata\/Other\/Population_202409.dta and 02-rawdata\/PIP\/PIP_countries_202409.dta.\nCode to consult the data is included in the README file. \n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/pip.worldbank.org\/use-pip","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Global Binned Distribution 1990-2024","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","note":"Source: World Bank Data Catalog. Mahler, Daniel Gerszon;\u202fYonzan, Nishant;\u202fLakner, Christoph.\u202f2022.\u202f\nLocation: 02-rawdata\/PIP\/GlobalDist1000bins_1990_2024_3pr24.dta.\n\t\t\t\t\t02-rawdata\/PIP\/GlobalDist1000bins_2024_3pr24.dta (only for 2024). More details available in the README file. \n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0064304\/1000_binned_global_distribution","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)"},{"note":"Source: Mahler, Daniel Gerszon;\u202fYonzan, Nishant;\u202fLakner, Christoph.\u202f2022.\u202fThe Impact of COVID-19 on Global Inequality and Poverty. Policy Research Working Papers;10198.\nLocation: 02-rawdata\/PIP\/GlobalDist_1000bins_MYLjan25_limitedvars.dta\n","uri":"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/38114","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","name":"Global Welfare Dataset (2022)"},{"name":"Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016: Poverty Simulations","note":"Source: World Bank\u2019s Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016, based on the original work by Lakner, Negre and Prydz (2014).\nFiles: `povsim.ado`, `povsim_convex.ado`, `povsim_linear.ado`, `povsim_sfunction.ado`. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/data\/interactive\/2016\/10\/02\/poverty-and-shared-prosperity-2016-poverty-simulations","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets"}],"technology_environment":"\u2013 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise 22H2\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6132 CPU @ 2.60GHz 2.60 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2013 Memory available: 128 GB\n\u2013 Software version: Stata 18.0 MP ","technology_requirements":"The code takes 1 day to run without the appendix, and 3 days to run with appendix.","reproduction_instructions":"To run the code, the user needs to:\n1. Open the `00-Master` do file.\n2. Modify the working directory in the script to match their local setup and run the code. "},"tags":[{"tag":"Accessible data"},{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"}],"schematype":"script"}