{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-04-04","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Brian Blankespoor","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"bblankespoor@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Susmita Dasgupta","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"sdasgupta@worldbank.org"},{"name":"David Wheeler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"wheelrdr@gmail.com"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Bridging Conflicts And Biodiversity Protection: The Critical Role Of Reliable And Comparable Data","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_288"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.4.1"},{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Bridging Conflicts And Biodiversity Protection: The Critical Role Of Reliable And Comparable Data","date":"2025-04","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_288","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_288.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-04-04","abstract":"Biodiversity is essential for ecological stability, human well-being, and economic progress, providing critical ecosystem services such as clean water, food, and climate regulation. However, it faces unprecedented threats, with extinction rates accelerating to 1,000 times the natural baseline due to habitat destruction, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, illegal trade, and climate change. Effective conservation requires urgent, coordinated global action, as ecosystems and species habitats often transcend national borders. Collaboration among governments, industries, and communities is essential to restore habitats, protect endangered species, strengthen policies, and enforce conservation measures. The challenges of biodiversity conservation are particularly acute in geopolitically sensitive and overlapping regions, including non-determined legal status territories, fragile and conflict-affected situations, and transboundary ecosystems. In these areas, effective conservation is hindered by weak policies, inconsistent enforcement, and institutional fragility. This paper addresses these challenges by providing baseline data to guide conservation strategies. Using newly developed World Bank species occurrence maps based on open-access, date-stamped records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the study evaluates species richness, endemism, and extinction risks across 35 non-determined legal status territories, 19 conflict-affected countries, 20 fragile states, 18 marine joint regimes, and 311 international river basins. The data sets reveal that these regions host numerous, often vulnerable, species. Biodiversity conservation emerges as a pathway for trust-building and collaboration, aligning stakeholders around shared goals such as climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Reliable and comparable data sets are critical for evidence-based planning, fostering dialogue and cooperation among divided groups. The estimates presented in this paper aim to support robust, data-driven strategies to safeguard biodiversity in geopolitically sensitive and overlapping regions, with far-reaching implications for global conservation and international cooperation.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Biodiversity Conservation"},{"name":"Non-Determined Legal Status Territories"},{"name":"Fragile And Conflict-Affected Situations"},{"name":"Transboundary Ecosystems"},{"name":"Marine Joint Regimes"},{"name":"International River Basins"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q34","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts","parent_id":"Q3"},{"id":" Q25","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Water","parent_id":"Q2"},{"id":" Q57","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services \u2022 Biodiversity Conservation \u2022 Bioeconomics \u2022 Industrial Ecology","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"PRWP Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11076","title":"Bridging Conflicts And Biodiversity Protection: The Critical Role Of Reliable And Comparable Data","doi":"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11076","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099415202272518792"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Brian Blankespoor","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"bblankespoor@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Transboundary Freshwater Diplomacy Database","note":"Source: Transboundary Freshwater Diplomacy Database, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University. \nLocation: local\/geo_data\/TFDD_SpatialData_Public202203\/BasinMaster311_20220224.shp.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/transboundarywaters.ceoas.oregonstate.edu\/transboundary-freshwater-diplomacy-database"},{"name":"Brazil - Subnational Administrative Boundaries","note":"Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE). Consulted through the The Humanitarian Data Exchange.\nLocation: local\/geo_data\/BRA_adm1.shp","uri":"https:\/\/data.humdata.org\/dataset\/geoboundaries-admin-boundaries-for-brazil","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"WorldPop","note":"Source: WorldPop. Population Aggregated 2020\nLocation: geo_data\/pop\/ppp_2020_1km_Aggregated.tif.\nCode to access: biod_intl_wp_load_gridded_pop_data.R.\nThis dataset is not included in the package, but the code will automatically download the necessary data.","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldpop.org\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and code to query and save this data is included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"World Database of Protected Areas - Restricted","note":"Source: World Bank\nOfficial boundary files were provided to the team by the World Bank Cartographic Unit. These files are restricted and not publicly available.\nLocation:\ngeo_data\/ne_10m_WB2019_admin_0_countries.*.\ngeo_data\/Boundary_Data_50mil\/.\nThe absence of restricted files limits users' ability to reproduce Tables 1, 2, and Figure 3. However, the final outputs generated by the replicators are available in the outputs folder for comparison. For a complete overview of the data and folder structure used in the project, please refer to the folder_structure.txt file included in the reproducibility package.\n\n","access_type":"There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Disputed Boundaries Data","note":"Source: World Bank. Official boundary files are provided by the World Bank Cartographic Unit. \nLocation: geo_data\/WB_GAD_Disputes.* \ngeo_data\/ne_10m_WB2019_admin_0_disputed.*.\nThe absence of restricted files limits users' ability to reproduce Tables 1, 2, and Figure 3. However, the final outputs generated by the replicators are available in the outputs folder for comparison. For a complete overview of the data and folder structure used in the project, please refer to the folder_structure.txt file included in the reproducibility package.","access_type":"There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Species by Country Matrix","note":"Source: Created by the authors using restricted data.\nLocation: tab_data\/master_species_x_country2024-07-22.dta.\nThe absence of restricted files limits users' ability to reproduce Tables 1, 2, and Figure 3. However, the final outputs generated by the replicators are available in the outputs folder for comparison. For a complete overview of the data and folder structure used in the project, please refer to the folder_structure.txt file included in the reproducibility package.\n","access_type":"There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Species Occurrence by Region","note":"Source: Source: Elaborated by the authors.\nLocation: geo_data\/species_occurrence_region_examples*. \nData is included in the reproducibility package, it will also be published in the Development Data Hub. ","access_type":"Included in the reproducibility package","uri":"Forthcoming at https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/"},{"name":"Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations","uri":"https:\/\/thedocs.worldbank.org\/en\/doc\/608a53dd83f21ef6712b5dfef050b00b-0090082023\/original\/FCSListFY24-final.pdf","note":"Source: World Bank. \nLocation: tab_data\/fcv.xlsx. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To run the package, follow these steps:\n1. Open the `.Rproj` file.\n2. In the R console, run: `renv::restore()`.\n3. Open and run the script: `biod_intl_wb__main.R`.\n **Note:**  A portion of the data used in this project is **restricted**, which limits the ability to fully reproduce **Tables 1, 2, and Figure 3**. For transparency, these outputs have been included in the `outputs` folder for comparison.","technology_requirements":"~25 minutes runtime","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 21H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz \n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: R 4.2.1"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}