{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-05-08","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Maryla Maliszewska","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mmaliszewska@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Carolyn Fischer","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"cfischer@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Euijin Jung","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ejung1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Maksym Chepeliev","affiliation":"Purdue University","email":"mchepeli@purdue.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Exposure Indices \u2013 Methodological Note","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_343"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (Cbam) Exposure Indices \u2013 Methodological Note","date":"2025-05","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_343","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_343.zip","dependencies":"The reproducibility package does not use external dependencies."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-05","abstract":"The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to level the playing field by applying the same carbon price faced by domestic producers under the Emission Trading System to the emissions embodied in certain imported goods. Differences in emissions intensity between EU and developing country producers will then influence the competitiveness of firms in developing countries exporting aluminum, cement, electricity, fertilizer, iron and steel, and hydrogen to the EU. Indicators are developed to assess the potential exposure of developing countries to the CBAM, using measures of excess carbon payments relative to EU producers expressed as shares of total exports, gross sectoral output, and GDP. Although macroeconomic impacts are expected to be small, some countries (like Mozambique in aluminum and Egypt in fertilizer) could see economically meaningful reductions in competitiveness in the EU market. A few countries with relatively low emission intensity of production may stand to gain market share.  ","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Environment"},{"name":"International Trade"},{"name":"Climate"},{"name":"Carbon"},{"name":"Emissions"}],"topics":[{"id":"F18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade and Environment","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" Q54","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Climate \u2022 Natural Disasters and Their Management \u2022 Global Warming","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"World Bank Policy Research Working Papers","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (Cbam) Exposure Indices \u2013 Methodological Note"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~ 5 minutes.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Maryla Maliszewska","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mmaliszewska@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"UN COMTRADE Global Trade data","note":"Source: Data was accessed through a query on the UN COMTRADE database executed through World Integrated Trade Solution (https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/). \nThe README contains more information on how to reproduce the exact query.\nLocated at: Data\/WITS_HS2017_Bilateral_2022.xlsx","access_type":"Users must download the data directly from the Data URL provided below.","uri":"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/","license":"https:\/\/comtrade.un.org\/licenseagreement.html"},{"name":"Global Trade Analysis Project Database","note":"Source 1: Chepeliev, M., & Corong, E. (2022). Revisiting the environmental bias of trade policies based on an environmentally extended GTAP MRIO Data Base (Presented during the 25th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis (Virtual Conference)). Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN: Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu\/resources\/res_display.asp?RecordID=6548.\nSource 2: Chepeliev, M., Aguiar, A., Farole, T., Liverani, A., & van der Mensbrugghe, D. (2022). EU Green Deal and Circular Economy Transition: Impacts and Interactions (Presented during the 25th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis (Virtual Conference)). Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN: Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu\/resources\/res_display.asp?RecordID=6607\n\nFiles names: EMAG.CSV, EXAG2.CSV and OTAG.CSV: ","access_type":"The intermediate data is included in the package. To access the raw data, WB staff can contact Senior Economist Maryla Maliszewska at ETIRI, mmaliszewska@worldbank.org for access. Non-WB staff should visit https:\/\/www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu\/databases\/pricing.asp  and contact GTAP center at contactgtap@purdue.edu."},{"name":"Gross Domestic Product (current US$) 2022 data ","note":"Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database.\nNotes: 2022 GDP (current US$) data is obtained from World Bank WDI in 2024. Gross domestic product (current prices U.S. dollars) of Taiwan, Venezuela, Eritrea, and South Sudan data is from IMF World Economic Outlook in 2024. \nLocated at: Data\/gdp.dta\n","access_type":"Included with the package.","license":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets"},{"name":"World Bank country classification in 2024","note":"Source: The World Bank.\nLocated at: Data\/ISO_Region_Income.dta","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","license":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","access_type":"Included with the package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Download the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is downloaded, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n      - Open the do-file \"cbam_rp\"\n      - Update the globals in line 8 to your folder's location\n      - Run the do-file\n \nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 2.90 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 18 MP"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}