{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG ","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department ","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata "}],"prod_date":"2025-05-22","version":"2"},"project_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"RR_PAK_2023_61-v2","title":"Reproducibility package for Command and Can't Control: Assessing Centralized Accountability in the Public Sector"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Saad Gulzar","affiliation":"Princeton University","email":"gulzar@princeton.edu"},{"name":"Juan Felipe Ladino","affiliation":"Stockholm University","email":"juan.felipe.ladino@su.se"},{"name":"Muhammad Zia Mehmood","affiliation":"University of California Berkeley","email":"mz_mehmood@berkeley.edu"},{"name":"Daniel Rogger","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"drogger@worldbank.org"}],"output":[{"type":"Working paper","title":"Command and Can\u2019t Control: Assessing Centralized Accountability in the Public Sector","authors":"Saad Gulzar, Juan Felipe Ladino, Muhammad Zia Mehmood, Daniel Rogger","description":"Policy Research Working Paper (PRWP) WPS11200","doi":"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11200","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099337209032517483"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Monthly performance reports on primary schools - Punjab, Pakistan","note":"Data collected by the Program Monitoring and Implementation Unit - School Education Department of Punjab, on a monthly basis in a random set of schools per Markaz. The data was collected between 2009 and 2018. Data was accessed by the team in July, 2019. Corresponding datasets in \"data\/\": \"cc_mea_master.dta\", \"cc_mea_master_finance.dta\", \"cc_budget.dta\", \"lnd_master.dta\", \"satt_targets_dp3.dta\", \"officers_punjab_pak.csv\".","access_type":"Restricted due to no-sharing agreement with the School Education Department of Punjab"},{"name":"District school performance ranking - Punjab, Pakistan","note":"Data collected by the Program Monitoring and Implementation Unit - School Education Department of Punjab, on a quarterly basis on the average performance of the schools in each District in the previous three months and the district ranking based on the average performance. The data was collected between 2011 and 2015. Data was accessed by the team in April, 2022. Corresponding datasets in \"data\/\": \"ranking.dta\".","access_type":"Restricted due to no-sharing agreement with the School Education Department of Punjab"},{"name":"Annual school census - Punjab, Pakistan","note":"Data collected by the Program Monitoring and Implementation Unit - School Education Department of Punjab, on a yearly basis on all primary schools in Punjab. The data was collected between 2011 and 2018. Data was accessed by the team in July, 2018. Corresponding datasets in \"data\/\": \"anualschoolcensus.dta\", \"census2012.xlsx\", \"census2013.xlsx\", \"census2014.xlsx\", \"census2015.xlsx\", \"census2016.xlsx\", \"census2017.xlsx\".","access_type":"Restricted due to no-sharing agreement with the School Education Department of Punjab"}],"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"StataNow 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition"}],"scripts":[{"file_name":"RR_PAK_2023_61","zip_package":"RR_PAK_2023_61.zip","title":"Reproducibility package for Command and Can\u2019t Control: Assessing Centralized Accountability in the Public Sector","date":"2025-04","software":"Stata","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","dependencies":"outreg2, geodist, geonear, group_id, jarowinkler, plaettes, colrspace, seconde, nwcommands-ado, rdrobust, bcuse, ftools, moremata, reghdfe, ivreghdfe, ivreg2, ranktest, did_multiplegt, eventstudyweights,  github, eventstudyinteract, synth, addplot, panelview, grstyle, tabplot, beamplot, coefplot, grc1leg, estout, labutil, fese, fese_fast, ebayes.\nAll dependency files are included in the folder \"analysis\/adofiles\"."}],"production_date":"2025-04","abstract":"A  long-established approach to management in government has been the transmission of information up a hierarchy, and centralized decision-making and oversight; colloquially known as \u2018command and control\u2019. This paper examines accountability in such a system implemented at scale in Punjab, Pakistan. Using random variation in the intensity of accountability of the scheme, we show that the corresponding de facto punishments had a negligible impact on school or student outcomes. We use detailed data on the education production function to show that a fundamental component of command-and-control approaches does not induce bureaucratic action towards improvements in government performance.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Pakistan","code":"PAK"}],"topics":[{"name":"Bureaucracy \u2022 Administrative Processes in Public Organizations \u2022 Corruption","id":"D73","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"H11","name":"Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"H83","name":"Public Administration \u2022 Public Sector Accounting and Audits","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"data_statement":"All data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise, version 22H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB\n\u2022 Software version: StataNow 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 6 hours","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"affiliation":"World Bank","email":"drogger@worldbank.org","name":"Daniel Rogger"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Accountability"},{"name":"Bureaucracy"},{"name":"Education"},{"name":"Government"}],"reproduction_instructions":"All data used for this reproducibility package is restricted. Users need to gain access to the data before being able to run the code. Once data is provided, users can follow these steps to reproduce the results:\n\n1.Change the global `projectfolder` in line 39 of the main do-file to their path location\n2. Run the do-file\n\nThe reproducibility package includes the replicators' output files in the folders \"tables\" and \"figures\". These include all exhibits and can be used to verify results against the published paper."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}