{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-05-28","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Lidia Ceriani","affiliation":"University of Bologna","email":"lidia.ceriani@unibo.it"},{"name":"Luis Felipe Lopez-Calva","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"lflopezcalva@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Samuel David Restrepo-Oyola","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"srestrepooyola@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Territorial Inequalities: A Note On State Discontinuity","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_356"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.4.0"},{"name":"Stata","version":"MP 18"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Territorial Inequalities: A Note On State Discontinuity","date":"2025-05","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_356","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_356.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-05","abstract":"When the State does not reach with the same effectiveness everybody and everywhere, it creates pockets of exclusions and it hampers the opportunities of individuals belonging to the excluded groups to fully participate economically, socially, and poltically. This paper develops an index to measure State Discontinuity, defined as the uneven presence and responsiveness of the State across the territory. Different layers of capacity, service provision and responsiveness determine the density of State presence. By examining the discontinuity of the State in 32 developing countries using extensive datasets from the International Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS International) and the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), the paper explores the underlying drivers of this discontinuity and identifies potential policy intervention points.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Social Contract"},{"name":"State Effectiveness"},{"name":"State Density"},{"name":"Inequality Indices"}],"topics":[{"id":"D31","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions","parent_id":"D3"},{"id":" D63","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement","parent_id":"D6"},{"id":" I30","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"General","parent_id":"I3"}],"output":[{"type":"World Bank Policy Research Working Papers","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Territorial Inequalities: A Note On State Discontinuity"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~ 1 hour runtime","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Lidia Ceriani","affiliation":"University of Bologna","email":"lidia.ceriani@unibo.it"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"IPUMS International","note":"Source: Minnesota Population Center. (2020). Ipums International: D020.V7.3. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.3 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2020. doi: 0.18128\/D020.V7.3.\nFollow the steps in the README to access the datasets.\nFile names: ipums_countries_final.dta; ipums_countries_controls_final.dta saved in Data\/Raw. \nShapefiles are saved in Data\/Raw\/Shapefiles.","access_type":"All data are publicly available, but cannot be redistributed or published. Users must follow the instructions in the README to access the data.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ipums.org\/about\/terms"},{"name":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED)","note":"Source: Raleigh, C., Kishi, R. & Linke, A. Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 10, 74 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-01559-4.\nFollow the steps in the README to access the datasets.\nFiles: Data\/Raw\/ACLED_2023-01-01-2023-11-07.csv\n","access_type":"All data are publicly available, but cannot be redistributed or published. Users must follow the instructions in the README to access the data.","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-of-use\/","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/data-export-tool\/"},{"uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0037712","name":"World Bank country classification","note":"Source: World Development Indicators, The World Bank.\nFiles: Data\/Raw\/CLASS.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc"}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Download the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is downloaded, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n      - Open the do-file \"Main_dofile\"\n      - Update the globals in line 10 to your folder's location and run the do-file\n      - Once all the Stata code finishes, open A-Note-on-State-Discontinuity-master.Rproj and run Annex_Maps.R\n \nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 2.90 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 18 MP"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Limited-access data"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}