{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-06-03","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Christoph Lakner","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"clakner@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Elizabeth Mary Foster","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"efoster1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Dean Jolliffe","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"djolliffe@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Gabriel Lara Ibarra","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"glaraibarra@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Samuel Kofi Tetteh Baah","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"stettehbaah@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Global Poverty Revisited Using 2021 PPPs And New Data On Consumption","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_346"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Global Poverty Revisited Using 2021 Ppps And New Data On Consumption","date":"2025-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_346","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_346.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-06","abstract":"Recent improvements in survey methodologies have increased measured consumption in many low- and lower-middle income countries which now collect a more comprehensive measure of household consumption. Faced with such methodological changes, countries have frequently revised up their national poverty lines to make them appropriate for the new measures of consumption. This in turn affects the global poverty lines by the World Bank when they are periodically revised. The international poverty line, which is based on the typical poverty line in low-income countries, increases by around 40% to $3.00 when the more recent national poverty lines as well as the 2021 Purchasing Power Parities are incorporated.  The net impact of the changes in international prices, the poverty line and new survey data (including new data for India) is an  increase in global extreme poverty by some 125 million people in 2022, and a significant shift away from South Asia and towards Sub-Saharan Africa. The changes at higher poverty lines more relevant to middle-income countries are mixed.   ","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD","type":"Region"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Global Poverty"},{"name":"Purchasing Power Parities"},{"name":"Poverty Lines"},{"name":"Consumption Surveys"}],"output":[{"type":"World Bank Policy Research Working Papers","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Global Poverty Revisited Using 2021 PPPs And New Data On Consumption"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Christoph Lakner","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"clakner@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Azerbaijan Poverty Line and Poverty Level","note":"Source: Department of Information Technologies of the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan.\nFile name: : data\/01_raw\/Azerbaijan\/Azerbaijan_poverty.xlsx ","uri":"https:\/\/www.stat.gov.az\/source\/budget_households\/?lang=en","access_type":"Included in the package."},{"name":"Multi-dimensional Poverty Headcount Ratio","note":"Source:  Human Development Report Office (HDRO) and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) calculations based on data on household deprivations in health, education, and standard of living from various surveys listed in column 1 using the methodology described in Technical Note (https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/system\/files\/documents\/mpi2024technicalnotes.pdf) and OPHI Methodological Note 58 at https:\/\/ophi.org.uk\/publications\/MN-58. Column 4 and 5 also uses population data from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2024. World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision. New York. https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/. Accessed 14 June 2024.\nFilename:  data\/01_raw\/2024_gMPI_Tables1and2.xlsx","uri":"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/additional-files\/2024-10\/2024_gMPI_Table1and2.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package."},{"name":"World Bank Classification of Countries","note":"Source:  World Bank. Global Poverty & Inequality Data team (GPID).\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/CLASS.dta","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/GPID-WB\/Class\/tree\/master\/OutputData","access_type":"Included in the package. "},{"name":"Poverty Estimates with 2017 PPPs (1990-2050)","note":"Source: Lakner, C., Genoni, M. E., Stemmler, H., Yonzan, N., & Tetteh Baah, S. K. (2025). Reproducibility package for Poverty, Prosperity and Planet Report 2024. World Bank. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.60572\/01JA-MK74.\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/FGTcountry_1990_2050_3pr24.dta","access_type":"Included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/250"},{"name":"Binned Global Distribution in 2021 PPPs (June 2025 PIP vintage)","note":"Source: World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP).\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/GlobalDist1000bins_1990_2030_20250401_2021_01_02_PROD.dta\n","access_type":"Forthcoming on Development Data Hub and included in the package. "},{"name":"Binned Global Distribution in 2017 PPPs (June 2025 PIP vintage)","access_type":"Forthcoming on Development Data Hub and included in the package. ","note":"Source: World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP).\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/ GlobalDist1000bins_1990_2030_20250401_2017_01_02_PROD.dta"},{"name":"Binned Global Distribution in 2017 PPPs (September 2024 PIP vintage)","note":"Source: Mahler, Daniel Gerszon;\u202fYonzan, Nishant;\u202fLakner, Christoph.\u202f2022.\u202fThe Impact of COVID-19 on Global Inequality and Poverty.\u202fPolicy Research Working Papers;10198.\u202f\u00a9\u202fWorld Bank, Washington, DC.\u202fhttps:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/entities\/publication\/54fae299-8800-585f-9f18-a42514f8d83b License:\u202fCC BY 3.0 IGO. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/GlobalDist1000bins_1990_2024_3pr24.dta","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/search\/dataset\/0064304\/1000_binned_global_distribution","access_type":"Included in the package."},{"name":"Harmonized national poverty lines in 2017 PPPs ","access_type":"Included in the package. ","note":"Source: Jolliffe \u24e1, D., Mahler \u24e1, D.G., Lakner \u24e1, C., Atamanov \u24e1, A., Tetteh-Baah, S.K., 2024. Poverty and Prices: Assessing the Impact of the 2017 PPPs on the International Poverty Line and Global Poverty. The World Bank Economic Review lhae035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/wber\/lhae035.\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/harm_npl_all_2017ppp.dta","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/data\/dataset\/0066850\/harmonized_national_poverty_lines_2017_ppp_dollars"},{"note":"Source1: World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are compiled from official government sources or are computed by World Bank staff using national (i.e. country\u2013specific) poverty lines. \nIndicator 1: Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population). \nFilename1 : data\/01_raw\/National Poverty Rates WDI 202407.xlsx. \nSource 2: World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision. \nIndicator 2: Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population). \nFilename 2: data\/01_raw\/P_Data_Extract_WDI_Age_Dependency_Ratio_202501.xlsx. \nSource 3: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. \nIndicator 3: Consumer price index (2010 = 100). \nFilename 3: data\/01_raw\/P_Data_Extract_World_Development_Indicators_CPI_202501.xlsx.\n\n\n","name":"World Development Indicators","access_type":"Included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/wdi-database-archives  "},{"name":"National poverty rates including non-comparable series","note":"Source: World Bank Poverty and Equity Global Practice (GP) and Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/npl.dta","access_type":"Included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/data\/dataset\/0066852\/national_poverty_rates_including_noncomparable_series"},{"license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","access_type":"Included in the package. ","note":"Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/OECD poverty data.xlsx","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/vis?fs[0]=Topic%2C0%7CSociety%23SOC%23&fs[1]=Topic%2C1%7CSociety%23SOC%23%7CInequality%23SOC_INE%23&fs[2]=Measure%2C0%7CPoverty%20rate%20based%20on%20disposable%20income%23PR_INC_DISP%23&pg=0&fc=Measure&snb=1&df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_WISE_IDD%40DF_IDD&df[ag]=OECD.WISE.INE&df[vs]=1.0&pd=2010%2C&dq=.A.PR_INC_DISP..._T.METH2012.D_CUR.&ly[rw]=REF_AREA%2CUNIT_MEASURE&ly[cl]=TIME_PERIOD&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false","name":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Income Distribution Database (IDD)"},{"name":"Poverty Measurement Database (PMD)","note":"Source: World Bank.\nInternal link for more information: https:\/\/worldbankgroup.sharepoint.com\/sites\/WBPoverty\/SitePages\/PublishingPages\/Poverty%20Measurement%20-1727802814368.aspx?CT=1742224342260&OR=OWA-NT-Mail&CID=5ca9a552-1879-c466-a06d-29a087a77416.\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/PMD v3.xlsx.\n\n","access_type":"The dataset will be made accessible to World Bank staff via PRIMUS (the Bank\u2019s internal data system). For access or further information, please contact Elizabeth Mary Foster at efoster1@worldbank.org. The dataset is also included in the package for reference."},{"name":"Price indices used for global poverty monitoring","note":"Source: World Bank. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Price indices for global poverty monitoring.xlsx","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/data\/dataset\/0066851\/Price-indices-used-for-global-poverty-monitoring ","access_type":"Included in the package. "},{"name":"Taiwan Official Poverty Rates","note":"Source: Taiwan health and welfare reports (mainly from Tables 10-1 and Figures 2-11) Ministry of Health and Welfare.\nFile name: data\/01_raw\/Taiwan\u2019s official poverty.xlsx.\n","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/cp-185-9466-2.html","uri":"https:\/\/www.mohw.gov.tw\/lp-137-2.html","access_type":"Included in the package."},{"name":"Eurostat National Poverty Rates","note":"Source: Eurostat At-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers by sex.\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Eurostat_poverty_rates.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package. ","license_uri":"https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en","uri":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/tps00184\/default\/table?lang=en "},{"uri":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WP\/Issues\/2019\/07\/26\/Price-Statistics-Compilation-in-196-Economies-The-Relevance-for-Policy-Analysis-48517","note":"Source: Francien Berry & Brian Graf & Mr. Michael Stanger & Mari Yl\u00e4-Jarkko, 2019. \"Price Statistics Compilation in 196 Economies: The Relevance for Policy Analysis,\" IMF Working Papers 2019\/163, International Monetary Fund. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/cpi_quality_indicators.dta","access_type":"Included in the package.","name":"The Status of Price Statistics Compilation Practices in 196 Economies and the Relevance for Policy Analysis"},{"name":"Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Data","note":"Source: World Bank Datalibweb Version 12. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Final_CPI_PPP_to_be_used.dta.\n","access_type":"The dataset is included in the package. Bank staff may directly download the dataset using the Stata command provided in data\/01_raw\/02_input_data_aux.do."},{"name":"Consumer Price Indices (CPIs)","note":"Source: World Bank Datalibweb Version 12. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Yearly_CPI_Final.dta","access_type":"Internal users can download the dataset using the Stata command provided in data\/01_raw\/02_input_data_aux.do. The dataset is also included in the package for reference."},{"name":"National Poverty Rates data","note":"Source: World Bank, Poverty and Equity Global Practice. These datasets were complied by the authors. Refer to the README for more details. \nFilename1: data\/01_raw\/Missing national poverty rates.xlsx. \nFilename2: data\/01_raw\/National Poverty Rates Poverty Economists.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package. "},{"name":"National Poverty Rates in Poverty and Equity Briefs (October 2024)","note":"Source: World Bank, Poverty and Equity Global Practice.\nThe dataset was compiled using information from the Poverty and Equity Briefs available at: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/poverty\/publication\/poverty-and-equity-briefs. Refer to the README for more details. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/npl-AM24.xlsx","access_type":"The dataset is included in the package."},{"name":"Survey-to-Survey Consumer Price Index (CPI) Imputation","note":"Source: Author's calculations using data from Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) and Datalibweb. Refer to the README and the Excel file for detailed sources. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Survey to survey CPI imputation.xlsx\n","access_type":"Included in the package."},{"name":"Poverty Metadata","note":"Source: Poverty and Equity Briefs (PEBs), World Bank. \nThe dataset was complied by the authors. Refer to the README and the Excel file for detailed sources. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Poverty line type missing.xlsx.","access_type":"Included in the package. "},{"name":"Share of International Comparison Program (ICP) List of Items Priced ","note":"Source: International Comparison Program (ICP).\nDescription: The dataset includes the share of items from the ICP item list that were priced in the price data surveys conducted in 2017 and 2021.\nFilename: data\/01_raw\/ICP 2021 Priced Items_GCL_2025-02-07.xlsx","access_type":"This dataset cannot be redistributed. Bank staff can  contact Mizuki Yamanaka at myamanaka@worldbank.org to request the data."},{"name":"Rural and Urban Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Data","note":"Source 1: Labour Bureau, Government of India. \nSource 2: International Comparison Program (ICP). \nSource 3: China Statistical Yearbooks 2021, 2017, 2011, 2006, 2001.\nThe dataset was complied using the sources above. Refer to the README and the Excel file for detailed sources and calculations. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/Summary calculations Rural Urban PPPs and CPIs.xlsx","access_type":"Included in the package"},{"name":"Input Data for Estimating Non-benchmark  Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs)","note":"Source:  International Comparison Program (ICP). The dataset was obtained by the authors from the ICP team. \nFilename: data\/01_raw\/ icp2021-nbm-ppp-data-2021.xlsx.","access_type":"Included in the package"},{"name":"Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) Data","note":"Source: World Bank. This entry includes multiple indicators obtained from the World Bank\u2019s Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). Most of the data was accessed via the PIP API, as referenced in the do-files 01_input_data_pip and 02_input_data_aux. These sections of code are currently commented out, as the API cannot be executed by external users until PIP is publicly launched. The resulting datasets are included in the folder data\/02_processed.\n","access_type":"Included in the package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Download the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is downloaded, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n      - Open the do-file \"master\"\n      - Update the globals in line 34 to your folder's location and run the do-file.\n \nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_requirements":"~ 1 hour runtime","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 10 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz 2.90 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 18 MP"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}