{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-01-27","version":"2"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Patrick Premand","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ppremand@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Marianne Bertrand","affiliation":"University of Chicago","email":"marianne.bertrand@chicagobooth.edu"},{"name":"Bruno Cr\u00e9pon","affiliation":"Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST)","email":"crepon@ensae.fr"},{"name":"Alicia Marguerie","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"amarguerie@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Do Workfare Programs Live Up to Their Promises? Experimental Evidence from C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","idno":"PP_CIV_2025_368"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available, but they are not included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.4"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Replication Code For Improving Public Works Targeting For Short-Term And Medium-Term Impacts: Experimental Evidence From Cote D\u2019ivoire","date":"2025-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by the Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank","file_name":"PP_CIV_2025_368.zip","zip_package":"PP_CIV_2025_368.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-01-27","abstract":"We study contemporaneous and post-program impacts of a public works program, which provided urban youth seven months of employment at the formal minimum wage with complementary training on entrepreneurship or job search. During the program, we find limited impacts on employment, but a shift toward wage jobs, higher earnings and savings, as well as positive changes in work habits, behaviors, and well-being. After the program, we find no lasting impact on employment or behaviors, with limited gains in earnings from self-employment activities. Using machine learning to study heterogeneity, we show that alternative targeting approaches can substantially improve welfare.","geographic_units":[{"name":"C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","code":"CIV"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Workfare"},{"name":"Public Works"},{"name":"Employment"},{"name":"Training"},{"name":"Heterogeneity"},{"name":"Machine Learning"},{"name":"Targeting"}],"topics":[{"id":"C93","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":" Field Experiments ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"C9","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"H53","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":" National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"H5","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"I38","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":" Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"I3","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"J24","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":" Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"J2","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"},{"id":"O12","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":" Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel"}],"output":[{"type":"Journal Article","description":"Journal Articles","title":"Do Workfare Programs Live Up to Their Promises? Experimental Evidence from C\u00f4te d'Ivoire","authors":"Marianne Bertrand, Bruno Cr\u00e9pon, Alicia Marguerie, Patrick Premand"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~2-3 days run time","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Patrick Premand","affiliation":"WBG","email":"ppremand@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"note":"Located at: data\/deidentified\/baseline_i_hh_clean_var.dta; ensete_2013_17septembre2014_nonmissing.dta. Users can download the data from the following link and place the two mentioned datasets in the appropriate folder. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6774","name":"Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Impact Evaluation - Public Works Baseline Survey, 2013","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#public_use","license":"Public Use License","citation":"Marianne Bertrand, Bruno Cr\u00e9pon, Alicia Marguerie, Patrick Premand. C\u00f4te d'Ivoire - Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Public Works Impact Evaluation - Baseline Survey, 2013 (PEJEDEC PWP BL 2013). Ref: CIV_2013_PEJEDEC-PWP-BL_v01_M. Downloaded from https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6774 on June 30th, 2025."},{"access_type":"Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package","note":"Located at: data\/deidentified\/midline_hh_clean.dta, midline_i_clean_var_est.dta.  Users can download the data from the following link and place the two mentioned datasets in the appropriate folder. ","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6775","name":"Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Impact Evaluation - Public Works Midline Survey, 2013","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#public_use","license":"Public Use License","citation":"Marianne Bertrand, Bruno Cr\u00e9pon, Alicia Marguerie, Patrick Premand. C\u00f4te d'Ivoire - Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Public Works Impact Evaluation - Midline Survey, 2013 (PEJEDEC PWP ML 2013). Ref: CIV_2013_PEJEDEC-PWP-ML_v01_M. Downloaded from https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6775 on June 30th, 2025."},{"name":"Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Public Works Impact Evaluation - Endline Survey, 2015","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6776","note":"Located at: data\/deidentified\/endline_i_hh_clean_est.  Users can download the data from the following link and place the dataset in the appropriate folder. ","access_type":"Data is publicly available, but does not allow redistribution and is not included in the reproducibility package","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#public_use","license":"Public Use License","citation":"Marianne Bertrand, Bruno Cr\u00e9pon, Alicia Marguerie, Patrick Premand. C\u00f4te d'Ivoire - Projet Emploi Jeune et D\u00e9veloppement des Comp\u00e9tences (PEJEDEC) Public Works Impact Evaluation - Endline Survey, 2015 (PEJEDEC PWP EL 2015). Ref: CIV_2015_PEJEDEC-PWP-EL_v01_M. Downloaded from https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6776 on June 30th, 2025."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the results, a new user should follow these steps:\n\n1. **Obtain the data**: Follow the instructions in the *Data* section and place all downloaded files in the appropriate folder.\n2. **Run the initial Stata code**: Open the `Global_Master.do` file, update the file paths to match your local setup, and run the script `MASTER_1_DATASETS.do`.\n3. **Run the R code**: Open the master R script, run `renv::restore()` to install the required package versions, and then execute the script.  \n   **Note:** The outputs generated by the authors using this script are already included in the package. Users may skip this step and proceed directly with the Stata code. Running the Stata code alone will still reproduce all exhibits in the output folder.\n4. **Return to Stata**: Go back to the `Global_Master` do file and run `MASTER_3_TABLES_AND_FIGURES.do`. This will generate all exhibits included in the paper.\n\n**Additional Notes**\n> **1.** To assist users with limited computing resources, the package includes the intermediate data generated by running the Machine Learning model (`data\/Datasets\/ML_reproduce_rep1`), as well as all outputs produced by the replicators in the `data\/Output\/` folder. These files allow users to verify the results without rerunning the full pipeline.\n\n> **2.** The code used by the authors to clean the original data is included in the `data_cleaning` folder for full traceability and reproducibility.  \n> This code **does not need to be run** by users, as the version of the data available in the Microdata Library is already the official starting point for this package.  \n> However, users who wish to reproduce the entire workflow from raw source data may do so by downloading the required datasets from the same Microdata Library entry and running the script `Master cleaning` do, which will generate the published datasets used in this package.  \n> The replicators confirmed that running the `data_cleaning` code produces datasets identical to those published in the Microdata Library and used as the starting point for this package.\n ","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor\tINTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+, 2800 Mhz, 16 Core(s), 16 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 18 MP, R version 4.4"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}