{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-06-25","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Gonzalo Varela","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gvarela@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Stefania Lovo","affiliation":"University of Reading","email":"s.lovo@reading.ac.uk"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Industrial Policy Under Constraints: Evidence From Pakistan\u2019s Export Subsidy Schemes","idno":"RR_PAK_2025_370"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Industrial Policy Under Constraints: Evidence From Pakistan\u2019s Export Subsidy Schemes","date":"2025-06","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","file_name":"RR_PAK_2025_370","zip_package":"RR_PAK_2025_370.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-06-25","abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of an export promotion policy consisting of ad-valorem subsidies for a set of targeted products, on the performance of Pakistani exports in the textile sector. The findings show that the policy had a small overall impact on exports, while it induced substantial reallocation of exports across products. The policy induced an increase in exports of traditional products, mostly garments, which were eligible for the highest rebate rates, at the expense of non-eligible or lower-rated products. The paper presents suggestive evidence indicating that the observed effects are partially attributed to shifts in the composition of exporters, through exits and entries alongside capacity constraints. Finally, the evidence shows that the scheme induced strategic misreporting at the border, which contributed marginally to the overall effects.\n","geographic_units":[{"name":"Pakistan","code":"PAK"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Export Promotion"},{"name":"Export Subsidies"},{"name":"Industrial Policy"},{"name":"Pakistan"}],"topics":[{"id":"F13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade Policy \u2022 International Trade Organizations","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F63","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economic Development","parent_id":"F6"},{"id":" O2","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Development Planning and Policy","parent_id":"O"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11136","title":"Industrial Policy Under Constraints: Evidence From Pakistan\u2019s Export Subsidy Schemes","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099247006032525653","doi":"doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11136","authors":"Stefania Lovo, Gonzalo J. Varela"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~10 minutes run time","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Gonzalo Varela","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gvarela@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the results, a new user should follow these steps:\n1. Download and get access to the data that is not included in the package, and place it in the appropriate folder. \n2. Change the path in the main `.do` file to match your local setup.  \n3. Run the code.\nSince most of the data is licensed or confidential, the exhibits produced by the replicators are included in the `Output` folder, so external users can review and compare them against the published paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata version 18 MP","datasets":[{"note":"Source: The United Nations, UN Comtrade, accessed via the WITS Portal.\nDate of Access: May 2021.\nFile Location: Input\/Export_HS6.csv and Export_toEU_HS6.csv; PAK_export_to_top20_all_08_10.csv; PAK_export_to_top20_all_11_15.csv; PAK_export_to_top20_all_16_19.csv, Top20imports_from_PAK_all_09_14.csv; Top20imports_from_PAK_all_15_19.csv. \nThe data was retrieved through a query on the UN Comtrade database using the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) portal. Instructions on how to reproduce the exact queries can be found in the README. The package also includes a data folder structure to help users locate and, if necessary, re-download the data.\nPlease note that this data is regularly updated. The reviewers attempted to verify whether the publicly available version of the data matched the one used in the original analysis, but found that the public version had since been updated and has some differences from the version used by the authors. Hashes for the datasets are included in the reproducibility package for verification purposes.\n","name":"UN Comtrade data","uri":"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/WITS\/WITS\/Default-A.aspx?Page=Default","license_uri":"https:\/\/uncomtrade.org\/docs\/policy-on-use-and-re-dissemination\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow republication "},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Source: World Bank. \nDate of Access: May 2021. \nLocated at: Input\/GDP.csv and GDPdeflator.dta.\nSelected series: GDP (constant 2010 US$), GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$), selected period: 2008\u20132020, and query through wbopendata for deflator: wbopendata, indicator(NY.GDP.DEFL.ZS) country(PAK;) long clear.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","license_uri":"http:\/\/worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Exporter transaction data (2005-2010, 2015-2017, 2018-2021)","note":"Source: Central Bank of Pakistan.\nAccess: The data was shared with the authors by the  Central Bank of Pakistan, after agreeing on the research with the Research Department of the Central Bank of Pakistan. Researchers can contact the Central Bank of Pakistan through the Ministry of Commerce at: mincom@commerce.gov.pk. Variables included are listed in the README file. \nDate of Access: April 2021. \nName of data Files: Input\/Exporter_transaction_2008_2021.dta.\nHash for the dataset is included in the reproducibility package for verification purposes.","access_type":"Data is restricted and not included in the reproducibility package"},{"note":"Source: Central Bank of Pakistan. The data were received by email, after emailing contacts at the Ministry of Commerce of Pakistan. Researchers can contact the Ministry of Commerce at: mincom@commerce.gov.pk. Variables included are listed in the README file. \nDate of Access: April 2021.\nLocated at: Input\/Export_HS8_2005_2009.dta; Export_HS8_2010_2021.dta. Variables included are detailed in the README file. \nHashes for the datasets are included in the reproducibility package for verification purposes. ","name":"Export data at 8-digit level","access_type":"Data is restricted and is not included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"Duty Drawback of Taxes eligibility  Data","note":"Source: Manually compiled by the authors from various Statutory Regulatory Ordinances (SROs) issued by the Government of Pakistan. The information has been manually collected and compiled by the authors, and it has been made available for products at the 8 and 6-digit level. \nDate of data creation: April 2021.\nLocated at: DDT_DLTL_HS6.dta, DDT_HS8.dta ","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}