{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-07-23","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Atsushi Iimi","affiliation":"World Bank Group","email":"aiimi@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data","idno":"RR_MDG_2025_389"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"ArcGIS","version":"ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data","date":"2025-07","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_MDG_2025_389","zip_package":"RR_MDG_2025_389.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"abstract":"The paper reexamines how to measure job accessibility in environments with limited data availability and applies different methods to Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar. Job creation and accessibility are attracting renewed interest in developing countries, where unemployment rates remain persistently high. The paper finds two types of job accessibility measures that particularly impact on employment: proximity to public transport and average travel time weighted by available job opportunities. For the latter, the paper also finds that new open-source data, such as the Open Buildings dataset, is effective in identifying existing job opportunities. Using the measured results, the marginal impact of job accessibility on employment is estimated at about -0.05 to -0.06 after the potential endogeneity of accessibility measures is controlled.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Madagascar","code":"MDG"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Access To Jobs"},{"name":"Job Creation"},{"name":"Probit Model"}],"topics":[{"id":"C25","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models \u2022 Discrete Regressors \u2022 Proportions \u2022 Probabilities","parent_id":"C2"},{"id":" J08","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Economics Policies","parent_id":"J0"},{"id":" O14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Industrialization \u2022 Manufacturing and Service Industries \u2022 Choice of Technology","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" O18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis \u2022 Housing \u2022 Infrastructure","parent_id":"O1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Measuring Job Accessibility: Different Methods And New Data"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime of the ArcGIS data processing: 4 hours.\nRuntime of the Stata code: 10 minutes.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Atsushi Iimi","affiliation":"World Bank Group","email":"aiimi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-07-23","datasets":[{"name":"Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016","note":"Source: World Bank.\nData file: s1_hhroster.dta.\nData was accessed in November 2017.\nCitation: The World Bank. (2017). Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016 [Data set]. World Bank, Development Data Group. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48529\/P1AF-6H23","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/2926","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#direct_access","license":"Direct access","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution."},{"name":"Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016 - Households location","note":"Source: World Bank.\nData file: TanaLSMS2016_HH_locations_proj.shp.\nData was accessed in October 2017. The data contains personally identifiable information and it is not accessible.","access_type":"There is no documented way to access the data, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Open Buildings 2.5D Temporal Dataset (Sirko et al., 2021)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-4.0)","uri":"http:\/\/sites.research.google\/gr\/open-buildings\/","note":"Source: Google Research. Data was filtered for the area of Antananarivo, and cell centroids (from a grid of 200m x 200m) were generated.\nData file: Tana_Cell_200m_centrid.shp.\nData was accessed in March 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Global 30 Arc-Second Elevation (GTOPO30)","note":"Source: United States Geological Survey.\nData file: elev_m.shp\nData was filtered for Antananarivo and saved in the shapefile elev_m.zip.\nData was accessed in February 2017.\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI) number: \/10.5066\/F7DF6PQS","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/information-policies-and-instructions\/copyrights-and-credits","uri":"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/eros\/science\/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-global-30-arc-second-elevation-gtopo30"},{"name":"WorldClim","uri":"https:\/\/worldclim.org\/","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldclim.org\/about.html","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","note":"Source: WorldClim.\nData files: temp_jan.shp, prec_jan.shp.\nAverage monthly temperatures and precipitation for January and the city of Antananarivo were estimated for 1960-1990 and saved in the files temp_jan.shp and prec_jan.shp.\nData was accessed in March 2017.\nCitation: Fick, S.E. and R.J. Hijmans, 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37 (12): 4302-4315. "},{"name":"OpenStreetMap","note":"Source: OpenStreetMap.\nData files: ALL_Suburban_Bus_OSM.shp. Data file: ALL_City_Buses.shp.\nData was filtered for Antananarivo, and for the line objects containing suburban bus lines (ALL_Suburban_Bus_OSM.shp) and taxibe bus lines (ALL_City_Buses.shp).\nData was accessed in December 2018.","license":"Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL)","license_uri":"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/","uri":"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"note":"Source: Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).\nThe data was shared by JICA\u2019s team working on the Master Plan Formulation report. The data shared consists of the underlying data for Figure 4.1.5 report. The report is available at https:\/\/openjicareport.jica.go.jp\/pdf\/12340725_01.pdf.\nData was accessed in October 2018.","name":"City Land Use for the  Master Plan Formulation for Economic Axis of TaToM (Tananarive-Toamasina, Madagascar)","license":"Data access requires human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package."}],"technology_environment":"The ArcGIS data processing was produced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-114567 @2.60GHz 1.50GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2013 Software version: ArcGIS Desktop 10.8.1\n\nThe Stata outputs were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n- OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n- Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+   2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n- Memory available: 32.0 GB\n- Software version: Stata (StataNow) 18.5 MP-Parallel Edition","reproduction_instructions":"Some datasets included in this reproducibility package are restricted due to the presence of personally identifiable information (PII), and therefore cannot be accessed. As a result, users will be unable to execute the ArcGIS data processing component of the package. However, the package provides all redistributable data used by the ArcGIS data processing, along with ArcGIS history logs that document the data processing steps. A high-level overview of the ArcGIS data processing is also available in the README. Additionally, the package contains the do-file and its corresponding log (\"compiling_spatial_data.do\" and \"compiling_spatial_data_2025july19.txt\"), which compiles all geospatial analysis results into the intermediate dataset \"spatial_data.dta\". This intermediate dataset does not contain any PII and is included in the reproducibility package.\n\nStarting from this intermediate data, users can reproduce partial results for figures 3\u20137 and tables 1\u20136 by following the instructions provided below:\n\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the dataset Measuring Urban Living Standards in Antananarivo 2016, not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Paste the data in the folder \"reproducibility-package\".\n3. **Run the code:** \n    - Update the global `path` in line 11 of \"Tana_Access_vs_Firms_2025feb24_OpenData.do\" to your current folder location\n    - Run the do-file"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}