{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DIME","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-07-31","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Gabriel Lara Ibarra","affiliation":"The World Bank","email":"glaraibarra@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Carlos G\u00f3es","affiliation":"IFC","email":"cbezerradegoes@ifc.org"},{"name":"Otavio Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","affiliation":"World bank","email":"ocanozzi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Gladys Lopez-Acevedo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gacevedo@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Exports, Labor Markets, And The Environment: Evidence From Brazil","idno":"RR_BRA_2025_384"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18"},{"name":"Python","version":"3.12"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Exports, Labor Markets, And The Environment: Evidence From Brazil","date":"2025-07","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DIME) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_BRA_2025_384","zip_package":"RR_BRA_2025_384.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the `ado` folder. Python dependencies are stored in the `requirements.txt` file."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-07-31","abstract":"What is the environmental impact of exports? Focusing on 2000\u201320, this paper combines customs, administrative, and census microdata to estimate employment elasticities with respect to exports. The findings show that municipalities that faced increased exports experienced faster growth in formal employment. The elasticities were 0.25 on impact, peaked at 0.4, and remained positive and significant even 10 years after the shock, pointing to a long and protracted labor market adjustment. In the long run, informal employment responds negatively to export shocks. Using a granular taxonomy for economic activities based on their environmental impact, the paper documents that environmentally risky activities have a larger share of employment than environmentally sustainable ones, and that the relationship between these activities and exports is nuanced. Over the short run, environmentally risky employment responds more strongly to exports relative to environmentally sustainable employment. However, over the long run, this pattern reverses, as the impact of exports on environmentally sustainable employment is more persistent.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Brazil","code":"BRA"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Exports Shocks"},{"name":"Labor Markets"},{"name":"Formal Employment"},{"name":"Wages"},{"name":"Brazil"}],"topics":[{"id":"D3","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Distribution","parent_id":"D"},{"id":" F16","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade and Labor Market Interactions","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" J16","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economics of Gender \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":" O19","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"International Linkages to Development \u2022 Role of International Organizations","parent_id":"O1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) WPS11172","title":"Exports, Labor Markets, And The Environment: Evidence From Brazil","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11172","uri":"https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/pt\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099225407142518682"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"~3 hour runtime.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Gabriel Lara Ibarra","affiliation":"The World Bank","email":"glaraibarra@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"uri":"https:\/\/concla.ibge.gov.br\/","name":"National Classification of Economic Activities(CNAE) data","note":"Source: Brazilian National Statistical office\nFilenames: CNAE.xlsx, CNAE1.0xCNAE.pdf_harmonized.xlsx, CNAE20_Correspondencia20x10 (2).xlsx, CNAEDOMxCNAExPNAD91_using_ExtractTable_harmonized.xlsx, CNAE_Domiciliar2.0(DEZEMBRO2008).xlsx\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported ","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/acessoainformacao\/pt-br"},{"name":"RAIS \u2013 Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Anual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais","note":"Source: Brazilian Ministry of Labor\nFilenames: RAIS_data_1995_2021_by_microregion_and_CNAE95_5digits_only_green_variables.dta, RAIS_data_1995_2021_by_municipality_and_CNAE95_5digits.dta, RAIS_data_1995_2022_by_microregion_and_CNAE95_5digits.dta, RAIS_data_2000_2020_by_municipality_and_CNAE95_5digits.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2000.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2001.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2002.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2003.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2004.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2005.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2006.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2007.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2008.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2009.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2010.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2011.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2012.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2013.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2014.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2015.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2016.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2017.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2018.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2019.dta, RAIS_reduced_file_2020.dta\nThe data was obtained through a formal data agreement between the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and the World Bank.","access_type":"Restricted and not included in the package."},{"uri":"https:\/\/comtradedeveloper.un.org\/signin?returnUrl=%2F","name":"Global Trade data","note":"Source:  United Nations Comtrade database\nUsers can bulk download the data using `bulkRetrieve.py` via the API.","license_uri":"https:\/\/comtrade.un.org\/licenseagreement.html","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution."},{"name":"Brazilian Population Censuses 2000, 2010","uri":"https:\/\/ftp.ibge.gov.br\/Censos\/Censo_Demografico_2000\/Microdados\/","note":"Source: Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE)\nFilenames: Censo.2000.brasil.amostra.10porcento.dta, Censo.2010.brasil.amostra.10porcento.dta, overall_formal_and_informal_2000_and_2010_census_microregion_CNAE95_race.dta, overall_formal_and_informal_2000_and_2010_census_microregion_CNAE95_v2.dta, overall_formal_and_informal_2000_and_2010_census_municipality_CNAE95.dta, overall_formal_and_informal_2000_and_2010_census_municipality_CNAE95_race.dta\n","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/acesso-informacao\/acoes-e-programas\/politica-de-privacidade.html"},{"name":"Customs Data","note":"Source: Ministry of Industry and Commerce\u2019s (MDIC)\nFilename: EXP_1989_NBM.csv, EXP_1990_NBM.csv, EXP_1991_NBM.csv, EXP_1992_NBM.csv, EXP_1993_NBM.csv, EXP_1994_NBM.csv, EXP_1995_NBM.csv, EXP_1996_NBM.csv, EXP_COMPLETA.csv, EXP_COMPLETA.zip, EXP_COMPLETA_MUN.csv, EXP_COMPLETA_MUN.zip, EXP_TOTAIS_CONFERENCIA.csv, EXP_TOTAIS_CONFERENCIA_MUN.csv, IMP_1989_NBM.csv, IMP_1990_NBM.csv, IMP_1991_NBM.csv, IMP_1992_NBM.csv, IMP_1993_NBM.csv, IMP_1994_NBM.csv, IMP_1995_NBM.csv, IMP_1996_NBM.csv, IMP_COMPLETA.csv, IMP_COMPLETA.zip, IMP_COMPLETA_MUN.zip, IMP_TOTAIS_CONFERENCIA.csv, IMP_TOTAIS_CONFERENCIA_MUN.csv, lista-exportadores.csv, NBM.csv, NBM_NCM.csv, source.txt, TABELAS_AUXILIARES.xlsx, UF_MUN.csv\n","uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/mdic\/pt-br\/assuntos\/comercio-exterior\/estatisticas\/base-de-dados-bruta","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/mdic\/pt-br\/acesso-a-informacao\/dados-abertos","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution."},{"note":"Source: Brazilian Federation of Banks (FEBRABAN).\nFilename: FEBRABAN - Vers\u00e3o Final da Taxonomia_20210217.xlsx","name":"Environmental taxonomy of economic activities in Brazil","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"uri":"https:\/\/ftp.ibge.gov.br\/Trabalho_e_Rendimento\/Pesquisa_Nacional_por_Amostra_de_Domicilios_anual\/microdados\/reponderacao_2001_2012\/","name":"National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios) 2001-2009 and 2011","note":"Source: Brazilian National Statistical office\nFilenames: PES2001.dta, PES2002.dta, PES2003.dta, PES2004.dta, PES2005.dta, PES2006.dta, PES2007.dta, PES2008.dta, PES2009.dta, PES2011.dta","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/acessoainformacao\/pt-br"},{"name":"National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios) 2012-2020","note":"Source: SEDLAC (World Bank and CEDLAS)\nFilenames: BRA_2012_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v01_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2013_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v01_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2014_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v01_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2015_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v01_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2016_PNADC-E1_v03_M_v02_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2017_PNADC-E1_v03_M_v02_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2018_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v02_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2019_PNADC-E1_v02_M_v02_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta, BRA_2020_PNADC-E5_v01_M_v02_A_SEDLAC-03_all.dta\nAccess is restricted to World Bank staff using Bank-managed computers; external access is not available.","access_type":"Restricted and not included in the package."},{"name":"Population Estimates data","note":"Source: Source: Brazilian National Statistical office\nFilenames: POP-2000.xls, POP-2010.xls, POP2022_Municipios_20230622.xls, state-pop.xlsx, ","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/acessoainformacao\/pt-br","uri":"https:\/\/ftp.ibge.gov.br\/Trabalho_e_Rendimento\/Pesquisa_Nacional_por_Amostra_de_Domicilios_anual\/microdados\/reponderacao_2001_2012\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"Since some of the data used in this reproducibility package is restricted, users must obtain access to the necessary data before running the code.\nOnce the data is available, follow these steps to reproduce the results:\n\n- Place the data in the appropriate folder.  \n- Open the do-file \"00_base.do\" located in the `code` folder.  \n- Update the file path on **line 2** to your folder's location, and the Python execution path on **line 44**.  \n- Install all required Python dependencies listed in \"requirements.txt\"\n- Run the \"00_base.do\" dofile in Stata, all Python code will execute from within the Stata script.\n\nSince the restricted data is not included in the package, the final outputs produced by the replicators are provided in the `figs` folder.\n"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}