{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-08-06","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sunil Malla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"malla.sunil@gmail.com"},{"name":"Govinda R. Timilsina","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"gtimilsina@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Martin P. Heger","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mheger1@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Economics Of Household Cooking Using Electricity In Nepal","idno":"RR_NPL_2025_397"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"Excel","version":"Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Economics Of Household Cooking Using Electricity In Nepal","date":"2025-08","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_NPL_2025_397","zip_package":"RR_NPL_2025_397.zip"}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-08-06","abstract":"The residential sector is one of the main consumers of energy in Nepal, with cooking being a major end-use. Unprocessed solid biomass fuels are the primary cooking fuels, with approximately 60% of households relying on them for their cooking needs. However, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is entirely imported, is being widely adopted in urban areas. Electricity, which is primarily based on hydropower, a clean domestic energy source, has been used for cooking in less than one percent of households. This paper examines the cost economics of alternative technologies and fuels or their combinations for household cooking across different topographical regions in Nepal from both private and social perspectives. It finds electricity, on average, cheaper than fossil fuels but costlier than biomass fuels from a private perspective. If the costs of local air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, are considered, electricity would be the cheapest option for cooking, except for biogas, which also has minimal external costs. The study also attempts to explore the wider economic benefits of substituting imported LPG with domestic hydropower for household cooking.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Nepal","code":"NPL"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Household Cooking"},{"name":"Fuel Choices For Cooking"},{"name":"Economic Analysis Of Cooking"},{"name":"Nepal"},{"name":"Electric Cooking"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q42","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Alternative Energy Sources","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" Q55","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Technological Innovation","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11157","title":"Economics Of Household Cooking Using Electricity In Nepal","authors":"Sunil Malla, Govinda R. Timilsina, Martin P. Heger","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099324006302540761","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11157","license":"CC BY 3.0 IGO"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sunil Malla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"malla.sunil@gmail.com"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz 1.50GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2505 Build 16.0.18827.20102) 64-bit","reproduction_instructions":"Open the Excel file \"WPS 11157 - Reproducible Research Repository 08052025.xlsx\", all input data and exhibits will be loaded there.","datasets":[{"name":"Energy Sector Synopsis Report 2010 - Nepal","note":"Source: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat of Nepal (WECS). Data on annual energy consumption was manually compiled into cells C32:H36, C39:E50, and G41:G50 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data was accessed in March 2024. Citation: WECS (2010). Energy Sector Synopsis Report 2010. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal.","uri":"http:\/\/www.wecs.gov.np\/storage\/listies\/October2020\/snyopsis.pdf","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Energy Sector Synopsis Report 2024 - Nepal","uri":"http:\/\/wecs.gov.np\/source\/ESR_2024.pdf","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Water and Energy Commission Secretariat of Nepal (WECS). Data on annual energy consumption was manually compiled into cells I33:N36, F41:F50, and H41:H50; and data on net calorific values for different energy sources was compiled into cells O19:R25 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data was accessed in January 2025. Citation: WECS (2024). Energy Sector Synopsis Report 2024. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu, Nepal."},{"name":"National Population and Housing Census 2021: National Report - Nepal","note":"Source: National Statistics Office (NSO) of Nepal. Data on household size, total use of energy, and cooking practices was manually compiled into cells C27:N30 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data on household cooking energy consumption by province was manually compiled in cells C53:K65 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data on number of households by type of fuel used for cooking and urban\/rural municipality was manually compiled into cells C93:M104 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data was accessed in March 2024.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/censusnepal.cbs.gov.np\/results"},{"uri":"https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/","name":"Global Burden of Disease 2021","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution. Processed data (as it is shown in the paper exhibits) is included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Results tool (https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/) was transformed according to the description for table 6 in the README, and manually compiled into cells E271:E280. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Compare tool (https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare\/) was transformed according to the description for table 6 in the README and manually compiled into cells G272:H280 of the \"Input\" sheet. Data was accessed in February 2025."}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}