{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-08-21","version":"Version: 2 Version notes: README updated codebooks added"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Leonardo Iacovone","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"liacovone@worldbank.org "},{"name":"Nicholas Bloom","affiliation":"Stanford University","email":"nbloom@stanford.edu"},{"name":"Mariana Pereira-L\u00f3pez","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mpereiralopez@worldbank.org"},{"name":"John Van Reenen","affiliation":"London School of Economics","email":"j.vanreenen@lse.ac.uk "}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Management And Misallocation In Mexico","idno":"PP_MEX_2025_412"},"data_statement":"All data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Management And Misallocation In Mexico","date":"2025-08","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"PP_MEX_2025_412","zip_package":"PP_MEX_2025_412.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-08-21","abstract":"Developing countries exhibit a substantial productivity gap with the US. Differences in management practices are often cited as a crucial contributing factor. Through the implementation of the first comprehensive management survey in Mexico, we find both a large average management gap with the US, and far greater misallocation. Mexico shows a weaker correlation between firm-size and management than the US, particularly in its highly distorted service sector. One apparent driver is the smaller Mexican product markets. The size-management relationship is weakest in the service sector in low population density regions and in the manufacturing sector in regions furthest from US markets. Another apparent driver is weaker institutions, measured by contract enforcement, crime, corruption, and informality, which are also associated with weaker size-management relationships. These results suggest that such frictions reduce aggregate Mexican management quality and productivity.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Mexico","code":"MEX"}],"topics":[{"id":"E22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Investment \u2022 Capital \u2022 Intangible Capital \u2022 Capacity","parent_id":"E2"},{"id":" F14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" L25","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope","parent_id":"L2"},{"id":" O33","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Technological Change: Choices and Consequences \u2022 Diffusion Processes","parent_id":"O3"},{"id":" D24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Production \u2022 Cost \u2022 Capital \u2022 Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity \u2022 Capacity","parent_id":"D2"}],"output":[{"type":"Journal Article","description":"Journal Articles","title":"Management And Misallocation In Mexico","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/mac.20220034","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/mac.20220034"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Mariana Pereira-L\u00f3pez","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mpereiralopez@ifc.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2015","note":"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI)\nFilename: ejem_base_pyme_ciega_2015.dta, ejem_base_micro_ciega2015.dta, ejem_operation_info2015\n\nAccess can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.","uri":"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/enaproce\/2015\/#microdata","license_uri":"https:\/\/en.www.inegi.org.mx\/inegi\/contenido\/confidencialidad.html","license":"Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"National Survey on Productivity and Competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ENAPROCE) 2018","note":"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI)\nFilename: ejem_base_pyme_ciega_2018.dta, ejem_base_micro_ciega2018.dta\nAccess can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.","license":"Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/enaproce\/2018\/#microdata","license_uri":"https:\/\/en.www.inegi.org.mx\/inegi\/contenido\/confidencialidad.html"},{"name":"Economic Census (2014)","uri":"https:\/\/en.www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/ce\/2014\/#microdata","note":"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI)\nFilename: ejem_CE_2014.dta, ejem_CE_2019.dta, Share exports clase.dta\nAccess can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.","license_uri":"https:\/\/en.www.inegi.org.mx\/inegi\/contenido\/confidencialidad.html"},{"name":"Municipality data","note":"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI) Economic Census (2010)\nFilename: Municipality_data_all.dta\nAccess can be requested by clicking on the link below -> processing service.","uri":"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/programas\/ccpv\/2010\/#microdatos","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Confidential under Articles 37 and 38 of the Mexican Law on the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information.","license_uri":"https:\/\/en.www.inegi.org.mx\/inegi\/contenido\/confidencialidad.html"},{"name":"Tradability and Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS)","note":"Source: EuroStat & Nayyar et al 2021\nFilename: Tradability and KIBS.dta","access_type":"Restricted and not included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/35599"},{"name":"Age and management score bins data","note":"Source: Bloom et al. (2019)\nFilename: Age_bins_US.dta, Data_US_bins.dta\n\n","access_type":"Restricted and not included in the package.","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/jep.33.3.163"},{"name":"State level map data","note":"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Geograf\u00eda (INEGI)\nFilenames: Entidades_2010_5A.dbf, Entidades_2010_5A.prj, Entidades_2010_5A.sbn, Entidades_2010_5A.sbx, Entidades_2010_5A.shp, Entidades_2010_5A.shx\n","uri":"https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/app\/biblioteca\/ficha.html?upc=702825292805","access_type":"Publicly available but not included in the package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"This reproducibility package relies on restricted data. Users will have to contact the data provider to obtain data access, and they will not be able to run the package until the data is obtained.\n\nSince restricted data is not included in the package, the outputs produced by replicators are provided in the \u201cOutputs\u201d folder. The outputs generated by the statistical office using the restricted data are included in the \u201cOriginal results statistical office\u201d folder.","technology_requirements":"~ 90 minutes reported run time"},"datacite":{"doi":"10.60572\/a3a4-pb82"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}