{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-09-02","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Daniel Ayalew Ali","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dali1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Klaus Deininger","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"kdeininger@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Nataliia Kussul","affiliation":"University of Maryland","email":"kussul@umd.edu"},{"name":"Guido Lemoine","affiliation":"Joint Research Center of the European Commission","email":"Guido.LEMOINE@ec.europa.eu"},{"name":"Andrii Shelestov","affiliation":"Igor Sigorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute","email":"andrii.shelestov@gmail.com"},{"name":"Leonid Shumilo","affiliation":"University of Maryland","email":"lshumilo@umd.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Using Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine","idno":"RR_UKR_2025_411"},"data_statement":"Some data is not yet publicly available but is expected to be made available through the World Bank Development Data Hub in the future.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Using Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine","date":"2025-09","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_UKR_2025_411","zip_package":"RR_UKR_2025_411.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-09-02","abstract":"[PLEASE NOTE THAT A REVISED VERSION OF THIS REPRODUCIBILITY PACKAGE HAS SINCE BEEN PUBLISHED AS A JOURNAL ARTICLE. THE UPDATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE AT: https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/catalog\/375]\nWe explore whether satellite imagery can be used to derive a measure of conflict-induced damage to estimate conflict-induced damage to agricultural production and compare results to those obtained using media-based conflict indicators widely used in the literature. To do so, we combine area for summer and winter crops from annual crop maps for 2019-24 with measures of conflict-related damage to agricultural land based on optical and thermal satellite sensors to estimate a difference in differences (DID) model in close to 10,000 Ukrainian village councils (VCs). Results point to large and persistent negative effects that spill over to conflict unaffected VCs. Predicted impact is three times larger, with a distinctly different distribution across key domains (e.g. territory controlled by Ukraine and Russia) using the preferred image-based as compared to a media-based indicator. We conclude that satellite imagery allows to define conflict incidence in ways that may be relevant to agricultural production and discuss implications for future research. ","geographic_units":[{"name":"Ukraine","code":"UKR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Ukraine"},{"name":"conflict\/war"},{"name":"food security"},{"name":"agricultural production "},{"name":"agricultural input and output markets"}],"topics":[{"id":"H56","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" National Security and War ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"H5"},{"id":"O13","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":"Q10","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Agriculture: General ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"Q1"},{"id":"R14","vocabulary":"JEL Classifications","name":" Land Use Patterns ","url":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","parent_id":"R1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Using Remotely Sensed Data To Assess War-Induced Damage To Agricultural Cultivation: Evidence From Ukraine"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"6 hour runtime","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Daniel Ayalew Ali","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dali1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 128 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 18.0 MP","datasets":[{"name":"Annual Crop Cover Data for Ukraine","note":"Source: Author-compiled. Annual crop maps for Ukraine (2019\u20132024) were generated using the machine learning methodology described in Kussul et al. (2025). Dataset forthcoming on the Development Data Hub (DDH).\nFile location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\CropCover\\area_VC_winter_summer_19022025.xlsx","access_type":"Data is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH)."},{"name":"Conflict-Induced Agricultural Damage Dataset in Ukraine","note":"Source: Author-compiled using hand-labeled Sentinel-2 imagery for field boundaries from Sinergise, following Kussul et al. (2023). Documentation is provided in the README. Dataset forthcoming on the Development Data Hub (DDH).\nFile location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\Conflict_Damage\\OnlyDamage_crop[year].xlsx; OnlyDamage_uncut[year].xlsx","access_type":"Data is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH)."},{"name":"Burned Agricultural Areas Dataset in Ukraine","note":"Source: Author-compiled using Sentinel-2 short-wave infrared bands and fire detection data from NASA\u2019s Fire Information for Resource Management System. Methodology and generated datasets forthcoming on the Development Data Hub.\nFile Location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\Conflict_Damage\\BurnedWithoutDamage_crop[year].xlsx;  BurnedWithoutDamage_uncut[year].xlsx","access_type":"Data is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH)."},{"name":"Conflict Indicators from Public Situational Reports in Ukraine","note":"Source: Author-compiled from daily situational reports published by local and regional military administrations, combined with administrative boundaries from the official Ukraine shapefile (ADMIN_3). By-weekly indicators were constructed at the village council level. Datasets forthcoming on the Development Data Hub (DDH).\nFile location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\Conflict_Public\\Damaged area (village councils) Period [xx].xlsx","access_type":"Data is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH)."},{"license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0)","name":"Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) for Ukraine","note":"Source:  Davies, S., Pettersson, T., Sollenberg, M., & \u00d6berg, M. (2025). Organized violence 1989\u20132024, and the challenges of identifying civilian victims. Journal of Peace Research, 62(4). Sundberg, Ralph and Erik Melander (2013) Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 50(4).\nEach UCDP event was linked to its village council by converting coordinates into point shapefiles and overlaying them on village boundaries. The resulting .dbf files are included in the reproducibility package.\nFile Location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\UCDP\\gedevents-2025-05-15.csv; ucdp_village.dbf","uri":"https:\/\/ucdp.uu.se\/country\/369","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Daily Weather Data for Ukraine","note":"Source: Daily precipitation and minimum\/maximum temperature at the rayon level, extracted from the US National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System, which produces forecasts every six hours. Data were obtained using Google Earth Engine scripts linked in the README. \nFile location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\Weather\\precip_daily_Aug2018Dec2024.dta; Temp2m_daily_max_Aug2018Dec2024.dta; Temp2m_daily_min_Aug2018Dec2024.dta","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Administrative Codes for Ukraine at Village, Rayon, and Region Levels","access_type":"Data is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH).","note":"Source: Author complied official Ukrainian administrative codes at the village, rayon, and region levels, derived from shapefiles and situational reports. The resulting dataset is forthcoming on Development Data Hub (DDH). The underlying sources are (i) village codes extracted from the village shapefile (ADMIN_3.shp) available at https:\/\/github.com\/justinelliotmeyers\/official_ukraine_administrative_boundary_shapefile\/\n, and (ii) rayon and village codes generated by overlaying the village shapefile with a rayon shapefile from the State Service of Ukraine for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, which was accessed through Ukrainian collaborators in 2018 and is confidential. To access this shapefile, please contact the authors. \nFile location 1: DataManipulation\\RawData\\AdminCodes\\occ_since2014.dta; rayon_vc_code.dta; region_cd.dta; vid_mapping.dta. \nFile location 2: DataManipulation\\RawData\\GIS"},{"name":"Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)","note":"Source: Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED). ACLED event data for Ukraine was retrieved on April 19, 2024 (covering January 1, 2018\u2013April 19, 2024) and again on April 12, 2025 (covering April 12, 2022\u2013April 11, 2025). As ACLED is a \u201cliving dataset\u201d with weekly updates, future downloads may differ from the version used by the authors and may produce slightly different results. Each ACLED event was linked to its corresponding village council by converting coordinates into point shapefiles and overlaying them on village boundaries. The resulting .dbf files are not included in the package, as ACLED data cannot be redistributed. Please contact the author directly if access to these .dbf files.\nFile location: DataManipulation\\RawData\\ACLED\\2022-04-12-2025-04-18-Europe-Ukraine.csv; Ukraine_Black_Sea_2020_2024_Apr19.csv; ConflictID_2024_Apr19.dbf; ConflictID_2025_Apr11_v2.dbf","access_type":" Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","license_uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/terms-and-conditions","uri":"https:\/\/acleddata.com\/conflict-data\/data-export-tool"}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is downloaded, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder:\n      - Update the global in line 12 of the do-file \"main\" to your folder's location and run the do-file\n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Forthcoming Data"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}