{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-09-17","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Revocatus Paul","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rpaul4@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Dhiraj Sharma","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dsharma5@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Impact Of Mobile Money Levy On Household\nWelfare: Evidence From Tanzania","idno":"RR_TZA_2025_423"},"data_statement":"All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package. (Accessible Data)","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Impact Of Mobile Money Levy On Household\nWelfare: Evidence From Tanzania","date":"2025-09","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_TZA_2025_423","zip_package":"RR_TZA_2025_423.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-09-17","abstract":"This paper examines the welfare effects of Tanzania's 2021 levy on mobile money transfers, a policy that sharply increased transaction costs in a country where mobile money is the primary channel for financial access and remittances. Using two waves of the Tanzania National Panel Survey (2014\/15 and 2020\/22) combined with high-frequency phone survey data, we implement a triple-difference identification strategy to isolate the impact of the levy on rural and urban households before and after its introduction. Our findings show that rural households\u2014who rely more heavily on mobile money and have fewer financial alternatives\u2014experienced a 10-18 percent decline in per capita food consumption and a significant rise in food insecurity following the levy. Robustness checks using variation in bank penetration, shock incidence, and remittance dependence support these results.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Tanzania","code":"TZA"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Digital Taxation"},{"name":"Mobile Money Levy"},{"name":"Household Welfare"},{"name":"Triple Difference"},{"name":"Food Consumption"},{"name":"Food Security"},{"name":"Rural Households"}],"topics":[{"id":"C33","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Panel Data Models \u2022 Spatio-temporal Models","parent_id":"C3"},{"id":" F24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Remittances","parent_id":"F2"},{"id":" H22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Incidence","parent_id":"H2"},{"id":" I32","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Measurement and Analysis of Poverty","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":" L96","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Telecommunications","parent_id":"L9"},{"id":" O16","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Financial Markets \u2022 Saving and Capital Investment \u2022 Corporate Finance and Governance","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" O55","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Africa","parent_id":"O5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"The Impact Of Mobile Money Levy On Household\nWelfare: Evidence From Tanzania"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Revocatus Paul","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rpaul4@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"National Panel Survey 2014-2015, Wave 4 - Tanzania","note":"Source: Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. The data files are listed in the README. Data was accessed in July 2024.\n","citation":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania]. 2015. National Panel Survey (NPS) - Wave 4, 2014 - 2015. Ref.TZA_2014_NPS-R4_v03_M. Downloaded from https:\/\/microdata.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/catalog\/51 on July 2024. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS. (www.nbs.go.tz)","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/catalog\/51","license":"Public use"},{"name":"Tanzania Panel Survey 2020-2021, Wave 5 - Tanzania","note":"Source: Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics. The data files are listed in the README. Data was accessed in July 2024.","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.nbs.go.tz\/index.php\/catalog\/35","license":"Public use","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","citation":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania]. 2022. Tanzania National Panel Survey Report (NPS) - Wave 5, 2020 - 2021. Dodoma, Tanzania: NBS."},{"name":" Harmonized Living Standards Measurement Study-High Frequency Phone Survey Dataset v1.0","note":"Source: World Bank. Data file: \"analysis_dataset.dta\". Data was accessed in July 2024.","license_uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/lsms-worldbank\/HFPS_harmonization_working?tab=MIT-1-ov-file#readme","license":"MIT","uri":"https:\/\/github.com\/lsms-worldbank\/HFPS_harmonization_working\/releases\/tag\/v1.0.0-alpha","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 2 minutes.","reproduction_instructions":"1. **Access the data:** Datasets \"National Panel Survey 2014-2015, Wave 4\" and \"Tanzania Panel Survey 2020-2021, Wave 5\" are public but not included in the reproducibility package. Users need to gain access to the data files to be able to run the code.\n2. **Download and place the data:** Once all data are obtained, copy it to the corresponding folders as noted in the README.\n3. **Run the code:** Change the global `path` in line 9 of the do-file \"00_Master\" to your working directory and run it.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2022 Processor: IINTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 64 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"Accessible Data"},{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}