{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-10-07","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Arti Grover","affiliation":"IFC","email":"agrover1@ifc.org"},{"name":"Ana Margarida Fernandes","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"afernandes@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Leonardo Iacovone","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"liacovone@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Marcelo Olarreaga","affiliation":"University of Geneva","email":"Marcelo.Olarreaga@unige.ch"},{"name":"Yewon Choi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ychoi10@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Impact Of Trade Promotion Organisations On Exports: Evidence From The Covid-19 Pandemic","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_388"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"},{"name":"R ","version":"4.4.0"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Impact Of Trade Promotion Organisations On Exports: Evidence From The Covid-19 Pandemic","date":"2025-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_388","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_388.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-10-07","abstract":"This paper examines the impact of Trade Promotion Organisations (TPOs) on exports during the COVID-19 pandemic using a World Bank survey. Results suggest that increased TPO budgets significantly boosted exports during downturns but had no effect during the recovery phase. Interestingly, e-commerce programs adopted by TPOs negatively affected exports during downturns as they diverted resources away from productive support, especially for sectors not intensive in online trade. These findings suggest that counter-cyclical TPO budgets may enhance trade resilience during similar global shocks.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Trade Promotion Organizations"},{"name":"Exports"},{"name":"Covid Pandemic"}],"topics":[{"id":"F13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade Policy \u2022 International Trade Organizations","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade","parent_id":"F1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"The Impact Of Trade Promotion Organisations On Exports: Evidence From The Covid-19 Pandemic"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 1 day","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Arti Grover","affiliation":"IFC","email":"agrover1@ifc.org"},{"name":"Yewon Choi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ychoi10@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (4 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB","reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder, run the files in the order:\n      - Update the global in line 23 of the do-file \"WB_Dofile_TradeTask\" to your folder's location and run the do-file. \n      - Open the R project \"ecommerce\" and run the script \"prepare different HS code classifications_short\".\n      - Update the global in line 3 of the do-file \"ecommerce-HS\" to your folder's location and run the do-file. \n      - Update the global in line 10 of the do-file \"profile\" to your folder's location and run the do-file.\n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators in the Results folder. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","datasets":[{"name":"Monthly Imports Data","note":"Source: Monthly import data were obtained from the World Bank DIANA Trade Platform, which compiles data from official sources \u2014 the China Customs Agency (china_hs6.dta, 2018\u20132021), Japan Customs Agency (japan_hs6.dta, 2017\u20132022), Eurostat (eu_XXX_hs6.dta, 2018\u20132022), and the U.S. International Trade Commission (us_hs6.dta, 2017\u20132022). The data is managed by Siddhesh Kaushik (skaushik@worldbank.org). The file origins_drop.dta was compiled by the authors to identify countries excluded from the analysis.\nFile location: raw\/trade_data\/raw_data","access_type":"Data is restricted and not included in the package. Please contact the person above to access the data. "},{"name":"Classifications on economic statistics","note":"Source: United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) Classifications Database. It provides conversion and correlation mappings across HS 6-digit codes from the 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 revisions.\nFile location: raw\/ecommerce\/HS2017toHS2002ConversionAndCorrelationTables.xlsx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/classifications\/Econ"},{"name":"List of Products Authorized for Retail Import","note":"Source: Ma, S., Guo, X., & Zhang, H. (2021). New driving force for China\u2019s import growth: Assessing the role of cross-border e-commerce. The World Economy, 44, 3674\u20133706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/twec.13168. Data contains HS 6-digit product codes allowed for e-commerce trade in China. The data are available from the authors of the paper; please contact Hongsheng Zhang (hzhang30@163.com) to request access.\nFile location: raw\\ecommerce\\List of Products Authorized for Retail Import via China\u2019s Cross Border E-commerce.xlsx","access_type":"Data is restricted and not included in the package. Please contact the person above to access the data. "},{"name":"World Bank Importer Dynamics Dataset ","note":"Source: Fernandes, A., Freund, C. and M. Pierola (2016). \u201cExporter Behavior, Country Size and Stage of Development: Evidence from the Exporter Dynamics Database\u201d Journal of Development Economics vol. 119, pp. 121-137. Data managed by Ana Fernandes (afernandes@worldbank.org).\nFile location: interm\/TPOorigins_IMP_monthly.dta ","access_type":"Data is restricted and not included in the package. Please contact the person above to access the data. "},{"name":"Survey of Trade Promotion Organizations (TPOs)","note":"Source: World Bank. The survey captures information on TPOs\u2019 COVID-19 recovery plans, target exporter types and sizes, and the use of virtual tools related to e-commerce. Data will be available for countries that authorize sharing through a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) with the World Bank. For access requests, please contact Ana Fernandes (afernandes@worldbank.org). Data collected in 2021\u20132022.\nFiles: plancov19.dta, type_exporter.dta, firm_size.dta, and virtual.dta in interm folder","access_type":"Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library."},{"name":"Budget Survey of Trade Promotion Organizations (TPOs)","note":"Source: World Bank. The dataset contains budget information for each Trade Promotion Organization (TPO) by country, collected through the World Bank\u2019s 2021\u20132022 Survey of Trade Promotion Organizations. Data are confidential and will be available only for countries that authorize sharing through a non-disclosure agreement (NDA) with the World Bank. For access requests, please contact Ana Fernandes (afernandes@worldbank.org). Data collected in 2021\u20132022. \nFiles: interm\/tpo_budget.dta","access_type":"Data is restricted and not included in the package. Please contact the person above to access the data. "}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}