{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-10-16","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sailesh Tiwari","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"stiwari@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Emmanuel Skoufias","affiliation":"National University of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy","email":"skoufias@nus.edu.sg"},{"name":"Varun Kshirsagar","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"vkshirsagar@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Distributional Impacts Of Climatic Variability On Welfare In Thailand","idno":"RR_THA_2025_419"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.3.1"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Distributional Impacts Of Climatic Variability On Welfare In Thailand","date":"2025-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_THA_2025_419","zip_package":"RR_THA_2025_419.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-10-16","abstract":"This paper uses cross sectional surveys of households over the period 2007-2021 from Thailand\u2019s Socio-Economic Expenditure Survey (SES) to conduct one of the first investigations of the impacts of climatic variability on two key statistics characterizing the distribution of welfare in Thailand: the mean and the variance (or inequality). It shows that historically higher rainfall is positively associated with the mean level of welfare, as measured by household consumption expenditures per capita,and negatively associated with poverty and a variety of measures of inequality in the country. These results validate concerns regarding the impacts of increased climatic variability and more frequent and intense weather extremes associated with theprocess of climate change. More frequent and more intense shortages of rainfall will decrease welfare and increase inequality at the national level and in both urban and rural areas. There is considerable variation in the extent to which access to social assistance and credit programs in their current configuration manages to mitigate the negative impacts of rainfall shortages on welfare and prevent increases in inequality. Investing in irrigation infrastructure and strengthening the insurancecomponents of social protection and credit support programs, such as the Village Funds program, through increasing the identification, targeting and coverage of those vulnerable to poverty from exposure to such shocks, provide promising options for mitigating the impacts of climatic variability on welfare, poverty, and overall inequality in Thailand.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Thailand","code":"THA"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"The Distributional Impacts Of Climatic Variability On Welfare In Thailand"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Sailesh Tiwari","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"stiwari@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Thailand Socio-economic Survey (SES) 2007-2021","note":"Source: Government of Thailand\nData was accessed via the World Bank Thailand Country Office and is managed by Buntarika Sangarun (buntarika@worldbank.org). Access is granted only upon signing a non-disclosure agreement (NDA).","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Global Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (2000 \u2013 2021)","uri":"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/data\/catalog\/lpcloud-mod13c2-061","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/privacy\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","note":"Source: NASA Earth Data\nUsers must login and download the data. See README for details","citation":"Didan, K. (2021). MODIS\/Terra Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V061 [Data set]. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. Accessed 2021-06-24 from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/MODIS\/MOD13C2.061 "},{"name":"Rainfall and temperature data","note":"Source: Climate Data Store","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.68d2bb30","access_type":" Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Obtain the data**: Access the datasets not included in the package, which is only possible by contacting the data owner and signing an NDA. See subsection *Datasets* and the README for more details.  \n2. **Place the data** in the correct folders: Once access to the data is granted, place the files in their corresponding folders as outlined in the README file.\n3. **Adjust File Paths and Run Code**: Update the paths in line 16 of the do-file `Stata.do` located in `\\Code\\Master`, and run the do-file to reproduce the tables. Then open the R project called `rep package.Rproj` and run the R script `Maps_THA.R` to reproduce the maps.  \nSince all the data are not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 30 minutes"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}