{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-10-22","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Paul Andres Corral Rodas","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"pcorralrodas@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Andres Ham","affiliation":"Universidad de los Andes","email":"a.ham@uniandes.edu.co"},{"name":"Peter Lanjouw","affiliation":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","email":"p.f.lanjouw@vu.nl>"},{"name":"Leonardo Ramiro Lucchetti","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"llucchetti@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Henry Stemmler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hstemmler@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Stress-Testing Survey-To-Survey Imputation: Understanding When Poverty Predictions Can Fail","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_408"},"data_statement":"The package does not rely on external data, as the scripts generate the necessary data through simulations.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"},{"name":"Excel"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Stress-Testing Survey-To-Survey Imputation: Understanding When Poverty Predictions Can Fail","date":"2025-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_408","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_408.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-10-22","abstract":"Accurate and timely poverty measurement is central to development policy, yet the availability of up-to-date high-quality household survey data remains limited\u2014particularly in countries where\npoverty is most concentrated. Survey-to-survey (S2S) imputation has emerged as a practical response to this challenge, allowing practitioners to update poverty estimates using recent surveys that lack direct welfare measures by borrowing information from other comprehensive surveys. A critical review of the method is provided, revisiting its statistical underpinnings and testing its limitations through extensive model-based simulations. Through model-based simulations, the analysis demonstrates how violations of parameter stability, omitted variable bias, and shifts in survey design can introduce substantial errors\u2014particularly when imputing across time or under economic and structural change. Results show that standard corrections such as re-weighting or covariate standardization may fail to eliminate these biases, especially when imputing across time or under structural change. The performance of alternative model specifications is also evaluated under various methods, including performance under heteroskedastic errors, non-normality. The findings offer practical guidance for practitioners on when S2S imputation is likely to succeed, when it should be reconsidered, and how to communicate its limitations transparently in the context of poverty monitoring and policy design.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Poverty"},{"name":"Inequality"},{"name":"Poverty Imputation"},{"name":"Missing Data"}],"topics":[{"id":"I32","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Measurement and Analysis of Poverty","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":" C53","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Forecasting and Prediction Methods \u2022 Simulation Methods","parent_id":"C5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Stress-Testing Survey-To-Survey Imputation: Understanding When Poverty Predictions Can Fail"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 1 month.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Paul Andres Corral Rodas","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"pcorralrodas@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"reproduction_instructions":"Update the global in line 28 in the do-file \"0.Main_master_file\" and run the do-file.\n","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}