{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-10-29","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Fan Zhang","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"fzhang1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Pavel Luengas-Sierra","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"pluengassierra@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Christian Borja-Vega","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"cborjavega@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Regassa Namara","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rnamara@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Zarif Rasul","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"zrasul@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Hrishi Arvind Chandanpurkar","affiliation":"FLAME University, Pune, India. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.","email":"hrishikeshac@gmail.com"},{"name":"James Famiglietti","affiliation":"School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.","email":"jay.famiglietti@asu.edu"},{"name":"Rick Hogeboom","affiliation":"University of Twente","email":"h.j.hogeboom@utwente.nl"},{"name":"Deyu Rao","affiliation":"HKUST Business School","email":"dyrao@ust.hk"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Continental Drying: A Threat To Our Common Future","idno":"FR_WLD_2025_466"},"software":[{"name":"R"},{"name":"Stata"},{"name":"Python"},{"name":"Excel"},{"name":"MatLab"},{"name":"QGIS"},{"name":"Julia"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Continental Drying: A Threat To Our Common Future","date":"2025-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"FR_WLD_2025_466","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2025_466.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-10-29","abstract":"[NOTE: The reproducibility package for this report is currently undergoing final checks and will be available on this page in the coming days.]\n\nGrounded in new evidence from satellite data, Continental Drying: A Threat to Our Common Future presents the first global assessment of freshwater reserves over the past two decades. The findings expose an alarming trend of \"\"continental drying,\"\" a persistent long-term decline in freshwater availability across vast landmasses. Not only are droughts and deluges becoming more unpredictable, but the total amount of fresh water available for use has also significantly declined. Continental drying, driven by global warming, worsening droughts, and unsustainable water and land use, is a silent but accelerating crisis--largely unknown to the public--that reshapes the global water narrative.\n\nContinental drying raises profound risks. This report reveals new empirical evidence showing how freshwater depletion leads to major job losses, reduced incomes, wildfires, and biodiversity threats. In the long term, the combined effects of drying and warming could push societies toward a tipping point where damage accelerates rapidly and adaptation becomes increasingly difficult.\n\nAgainst the backdrop of continental drying, global water consumption rose by 25 percent between 2000 and 2019, with about a third of this increase occurring in regions already experiencing drying. Compounding the pressure, a substantial share of water use in drying regions remains inefficient. Continental Drying identifies hot spots where rising demand and declining supply converge and explores where and how water savings can be realized.\n\nThis report recommends a three-pronged approach to address the crisis: managing demand, augmenting water supply, and improving water allocation. Five cross-cutting levers--strengthening institutions, reforming water tariffs and repurposing subsidies, adopting water accounting, leveraging data and technological innovations, and valuing water in trade--are essential for effective implementation and to attract private investment to finance the approach. Beyond water, addressin","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Continental Drying"},{"name":"Fresh Water Availability"},{"name":"Global Warming"},{"name":"Droughts"},{"name":"Unsustainable Water And Land Use"},{"name":"Job Losses"},{"name":"Wildfires"},{"name":"Biodiversity Threat"},{"name":"Water Footprint"},{"name":"Virtual Water Trade"},{"name":"Managing Demand"},{"name":"Augmenting Water Supply"},{"name":"Improving Water Allocati"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q25","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Water","parent_id":"Q2"},{"id":" Q54","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Climate \u2022 Natural Disasters and Their Management \u2022 Global Warming","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" Q57","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services \u2022 Biodiversity Conservation \u2022 Bioeconomics \u2022 Industrial Ecology","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" Q56","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Environment and Development \u2022 Environment and Trade \u2022 Sustainability \u2022 Environmental Accounts and Accounting \u2022 Environmental Equity \u2022 Population Growth","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" F18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade and Environment","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" J43","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Agricultural Labor Markets","parent_id":"J4"}],"output":[{"title":"Continental Drying: A Threat To Our Common Future"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Fan Zhang","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"fzhang1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}