{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-10-30","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Paola Buitrago Hernandez","affiliation":"WBG","email":"sbuitragohernand@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Hugo \u00d1opo","affiliation":"WBG","email":"hnopoaguilar@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Eliana Rubiano Matulevich","affiliation":"WBG","email":"erubiano@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Daniela Maquera Sardon","affiliation":"WBG","email":"maquerasardondaniela@gmail.com"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Gender And Poverty In Latin America And The Caribbean. An Analysis Through The Life Cycle","idno":"RR_LAC_2025_453"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Gender And Poverty In Latin America And The Caribbean. An Analysis Through The Life Cycle.","date":"2025-10","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_LAC_2025_453","zip_package":"RR_LAC_2025_453.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-10-30","abstract":"This paper analyzes gender disparities in poverty across the life cycle in Latin America and the Caribbean using harmonized household survey data. While gender gaps in labor market outcomes are well-documented, gendered poverty disparities have remained understudied. The results reveal a gendered poverty penalty that emerges as women enter their prime productive and reproductive years\u2014a penalty that has increased over the past 15 years. The presence of young children significantly increases the likelihood of poverty in a household. Single-mother households and those with sole or no earners face particularly high vulnerability. To explore the determinants of the gendered poverty penalty, the paper identifies four relevant groups of individuals and applies a Kitagawa-Binder-Oaxaca decomposition. The results indicate that, beyond the presence of children at home and women\u2019s age, the unobserved factors (including potential discrimination) are behind most of the gap. These findings emphasize the critical role of household composition and life cycle factors, particularly family arrangements.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Latin America","code":"LAC"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Poverty"},{"name":"Gender"},{"name":"Lifecycle"},{"name":"Women"},{"name":"Household"}],"topics":[{"id":"I3","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty","parent_id":"I"},{"id":" J1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Demographic Economics","parent_id":"J"},{"id":" O1","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economic Development","parent_id":"O"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Gender And Poverty In Latin America And The Caribbean. An Analysis Through The Life Cycle."}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 40 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Paola Buitrago Hernandez","affiliation":"WBG","email":"sbuitragohernand@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC) ","note":"Source: World Bank and CEDLAS\nFilenames: lac_circa_2007.dta and lac_circa_2021.dta\nThese datasets include harmonized data from SEDLAC (World Bank and CEDLAS) for 15 Latin American and Caribbean countries for the years 2007 and 2021.\nThe authors accessed these data through a special request to the LAC Stats Team (contact: lac_stats@worldbank.org).\nFor some countries, the data are available through the World Bank\u2019s internal Stata library datalibweb, which is for internal use only and accessible exclusively to World Bank staff. For other countries, the data are restricted and can only be obtained by contacting the LAC Stats Team directly.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank and CEDLAS. 2023. \"Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC) [dataset],\" , 2021.","license":"Custom license"},{"name":"Population estimates data ","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/population-estimates-and-projections","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package","note":"Source: World Bank\n","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","citation":"World Bank. 2025. \"Population estimates data [dataset],\" https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/population-estimates-and-projections, 2025."}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Obtain the data:** Some of the datasets used for this reproducible package are restricted. Please see details in the README.\n2. **Place the data in the correct folders:** If the data files are obtained, they should be copied to their corresponding folders as outlined in the README.\n3. **Adjust File Paths and Run Code:** Update the paths in \"Dofiles\/Master.do\" and run the do-file to reproduce the results.\n\nSince some data is restricted and obtaining access to all data might be difficult, this reproducibility package includes the outputs generated by the reviewers in the reproducibility verification. They are in the \"Output\" folder.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 1.54 TB"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}