{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-11-05","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Damien de Walque","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ddewalque@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Leandro Carvalho","affiliation":"University of Southern California","email":"lcarvalh@usc.edu"},{"name":"Crick Lund","affiliation":"King's College London","email":"crick.lund@kcl.ac.uk"},{"name":"Heather Schofield","affiliation":"Cornell University","email":"heather.schofield@gmail.com"},{"name":"Vincent Somville","affiliation":"NHH Norwegian School of Economics","email":"Vincent.Somville@nhh.no"},{"name":"JIngyao Wei","affiliation":"NHH Norwegian School of Economics","email":"Jingyao.Wei@nhh.no"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Psychological Barriers To Participation In The Labor Market: Evidence From Rural Ghana","idno":"RR_GHA_2025_474"},"data_statement":"All data is temporarily embargoed by the authors and is expected to be made public in November 2026. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5 MP "}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Psychological Barriers To Participation In The Labor\nMarket: Evidence From Rural Ghana","date":"2025-11","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_GHA_2025_474","zip_package":"RR_GHA_2025_474.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-11-05","abstract":"Mental health conditions are strongly associated with reduced labor market participation, but the underlying channels through which such conditions impact labor supply remain unclear. We conduct a two-phase study decomposing this relationship by examining (i) job take-up decisions and (ii) labor supply, output, and earning conditional on job take-up, and (iii) quit rates. In Phase 1, women in rural Ghana are asked whether they would be willing to take-up a cash-for-work job during the lean season when alternative work is scarce. We find that individuals with depression and anxiety, which are common in this population, are much more likely to decline work offers outside the home but equally likely to accept work-from-home positions. In Phase 2, we randomly offer jobs at home to those who were willing to work from home, avoiding selection effects. Neither depression nor anxiety predict work completion, income, or quit rates. These findings suggest that poor mental health may harm labor market outcomes in traditional jobs outside of the home via reduced take-up, above and beyond the established negative impacts of mental health on productivity in work outside of the home. But, the results also suggest an alternative approach to improving labor market outcomes for those in poor mental health: work-from-home opportunities, which are not associated with lower take-up or lower productivity on the job for those in poor mental health.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Ghana","code":"GHA"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Mental Health"},{"name":"Labor Force Participation"},{"name":"Depression"},{"name":"Anxiety"},{"name":"Work From Home"},{"name":"Ghana"}],"topics":[{"id":"I15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Health and Economic Development","parent_id":"I1"},{"id":" J22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Time Allocation and Labor Supply","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" O15","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Resources \u2022 Human Development \u2022 Income Distribution \u2022 Migration","parent_id":"O1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Psychological Barriers To Participation In The Labor\nMarket: Evidence From Rural Ghana"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Damien de Walque","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ddewalque@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Psychological Barriers to Participation in the Labor Market: Evidence from Rural Ghana Survey Data","access_type":"Data is temporarily embargoed by the authors and will become available in the Microdata Library in November 2026. ","citation":"Carvalho, L., de Walque, D., Lund, C., Schofield, H., Somville, V., & Wei, J. (forthcoming). Psychological Barriers to Participation in the Labor Market: Evidence from Rural Ghana \u2013 Survey data [dataset]. ","note":"Files located at: data\/generated\/Pilot_3_Census_Reshaped_Analysis.dta; Pilot_3_MH_Census_Study.dta; Pilot_3_Attrition.dta."}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: macOS Sequoia\n\u2022 Processor: Apple M4 Pro\n\u2022 Memory available: 24 GB","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 10 minutes","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings, users must:\n1. Wait until the embargoed data become available in the Microdata Library.\n2. Once the data are available, download them and place the files in the `data\/generated` folder.\n3. Update the data path in the main do-file.\n4. Run the code.\nSince the data are not currently included in the package and the embargo will take about one year to be lifted, the outputs generated by the replicators are included in the reproducibility package so users can review the findings using these results."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}