{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-11-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Ebad Ebadi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ebadi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Jun Rentschler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"jrentschler@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Pollution Intensity Of Consumption: Exploring The Environmental Engel Curve Based On Micro-Data From 109 Countries","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_478"},"data_statement":"All data is limited-access and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18.0 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Pollution Intensity Of Consumption: Exploring The Environmental Engel Curve Based On Micro-Data From 109 Countries","date":"2025-11","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_478","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_478.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-11-10","abstract":"Environmental Engel curves (EECs) characterize the relationship between the embodied environmental impact of household consumption choices and their respective income levels. Using detailed microdata from 109 countries across all income levels, we study household expenditure shares on 11 fuel types that differ in their air pollution intensity. The findings show that wealthier households tend to shift away from dirty fuels and toward cleaner ones, although this transition is not guaranteed. In low-income countries, limited infrastructure and poor access to clean fuels slow this process, demonstrating that income alone cannot drive energy transitions. By documenting systematic variation in EECs across income groups and national contexts, the paper emphasizes the joint role of income growth and infrastructure development. The analysis also reveals a dual burden of pollution in which richer households are the primary contributors to outdoor air pollution, while poorer households remain reliant on polluting fuels that increase their exposure to indoor air pollution.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Environmental Engel Curves"},{"name":"Air Pollution"},{"name":"Household Energy Consumption"},{"name":"Energy Transition"}],"topics":[{"id":"Q41","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Demand and Supply \u2022 Prices","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" Q53","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Air Pollution \u2022 Water Pollution \u2022 Noise \u2022 Hazardous Waste \u2022 Solid Waste \u2022 Recycling","parent_id":"Q5"},{"id":" Q56","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Environment and Development \u2022 Environment and Trade \u2022 Sustainability \u2022 Environmental Accounts and Accounting \u2022 Environmental Equity \u2022 Population Growth","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Pollution Intensity Of Consumption: Exploring The Environmental Engel Curve Based On Micro-Data From 109 Countries"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Ebad Ebadi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ebadi@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Bank-IMF Climate Policy Assessment Tool Data","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/climatechange\/brief\/climate-policy-assessment-tool","note":"File located at: data\/HH-EECs-V3. Further information and detailed instructions for obtaining the data are provided on the link below. \nVariables used: iso3; year; sample; type; stat_type; quant_cons; ccl_share;\tcoa_share;\tdie_share;\tethanol_share;\tely_share;\tfwd_share;\tgso_share;\tker_share;\tlpg_share;\tnga_share;\toil_share;\tPer-Capita; National Accounts-Adjusted Consumption (LCU); Charcoal; Coal;\tDiesel; Ethanol;\tElectricity;\tFirewood;\tGasoline;\tKerosene;\tLPG;\tNatural gas;\tand Oil.","access_type":"The data is limited-access and not included in the reproducibility package","citation":"World Bank & International Monetary Fund. Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT) [dataset].\nAvailable at: https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/climatechange\/brief\/climate-policy-assessment-tool. Accessed on: 2023-08-07."},{"name":"IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data: Version 9","note":"File located at: data\/DHS Data Process\/idhs_00009; idhs_00008.\nThis dataset is a harmonized microdata extract produced using the IPUMS-DHS system. The extract (idhs_00008.dat) includes variables across multiple domains:\nIdentifiers & weights;\nGeography (general, integrated, and sample-specific);\nDemographics;\nEthnicity & religion;\nHousing and possessions;\nWork;\nWealth index;\nEducation;\nHealth and insurance;\nEnvironmental indicators.\nThe extract (idhs_00009.dat) is a harmonized IPUMS-DHS microdata file that includes variables from the following domains:\nIdentifiers and weights;\nGeography (general, integrated, and sample-specific);\nIPUMS International geography;\nCore demographic characteristics;\nEthnicity & religion;\nMarriage & cohabitation;\nFertility;\nHousing;\nHousehold possessions;\nWork and employment;\nWealth index;\nEducation;\nInsurance;\nEnvironmental indicators.\nRegistration and access for IPUMS DHS is managed by The DHS Program, which is not currently reviewing new user applications or requests for expanded access from currently approved users. IPUMS DHS data remain available to approved users.","access_type":"The data is limited-access and not included in the reproducibility package","citation":"Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Miriam King, and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS-Demographic and Health Surveys: Version 9 [dataset]. IPUMS and ICF, 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D080.V9 ","uri":"https:\/\/www.ipums.org\/projects\/ipums-global-health\/d080.v8","license_uri":"https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/data\/Access-Instructions.cfm","license":"DHS Dataset Terms of Use"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: macOS Sequoia\n\u2022 Processor: Apple M4 Pro\n\u2022 Memory available: 24 GB","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 4 minutes. ","reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in the paper, a new user needs to do the following:\n1. Acquire the datasets from the World Bank\u2019s Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT).\n2. Acquire the datasets from IPUMS-DHS used for the Environmental Engel Curve figures.\n3. Copy the data files (using the exact file names listed in the README) into the folder named `data`.\n4. Recreate the programming environment specified in the renv.lock file by installing the R package renv and running `renv::restore()` from the reproducibility package\u2019s working directory.\n   Alternatively, manually install all R libraries listed in the `renv.lock` file.\n5. Run the following scripts in order:\n   * `DHS_DataProcess` R script.\n   * `Figures 4-7` do file.\n   * `Figure3` R script.\n\nAs the data is not publicly available, this reproducibility package includes the code outputs generated by the code reviewers during verification. These files are located in the folder `figures`.\n\n"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}