{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-11-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alemayehu A.  Ambel","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aambel@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Getachew Yirga Belete","affiliation":"Bahir Dar University","email":"getachew.yirga@bdu.edu.et"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Who Benefits From Public Spending On Healthcare? Longitudinal Evidence From Ethiopia","idno":"RR_ETH_2025_469"},"software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Who Benefits From Public Spending On Healthcare? Longitudinal Evidence From Ethiopia","date":"2025-11","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_ETH_2025_469","zip_package":"RR_ETH_2025_469.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-11-10","abstract":"This study examines inequalities in benefits from government spending on healthcare among different groups in Ethiopia. It applies a benefit incidence analysis by integrating public health expenditure data and longitudinal household survey data implemented in 2019 and 2022. The study reveals important differences in the distribution of subsidies and healthcare utilization by facility type, income levels, and between rural and urban populations. All hospital utilization and subsidies are pro-rich, while health center and health post outpatient utilization and subsidies are pro-poor. In 2022, subsidies to health center inpatient admissions were pro-poor among urban residents and pro-rich among rural residents. Rural residents faced regressive out-of-pocket expenditures for inpatient admissions at health centers in 2019. The longitudinal dataset enabled an assessment of changes over time, revealing that subsidies for outpatient services at primary facilities became increasingly pro-poor. Shifts in utilization patterns over time suggest potential for reducing disparities through targeted efforts aimed at improving community access to hospital care.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Ethiopia","code":"ETH"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Benefit Incidence Analysis"},{"name":"Health Inequality"},{"name":"Public Healthcare Utilization"},{"name":"Ethiopia"}],"topics":[{"id":"I38","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy \u2022 Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs","parent_id":"I3"},{"id":" I14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Health and Inequality","parent_id":"I1"},{"id":" H51","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Expenditures and Health","parent_id":"H5"},{"id":" H53","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs","parent_id":"H5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Who Benefits From Public Spending On Healthcare? Longitudinal Evidence From Ethiopia"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Alemayehu A.  Ambel","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aambel@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Ethiopia Socioeconomic Panel Survey (ESPS) (2018-2019)","note":"Source: World Bank","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/3823\/","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#public_use","license":"Public Use Files","citation":"World Bank. 2020. \"Ethiopia Socioeconomic Panel Survey (ESPS) (2018-2019) [dataset],\" V04, https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/3823"},{"name":"Ethiopia Socioeconomic Panel Survey (ESPS) (2021-2022) ","note":"Source: World Bank","uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6161","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution.","license":"Public Use Files","license_uri":"https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/terms-of-use#public_use","citation":"World Bank. 2024. \"Ethiopia Socioeconomic Panel Survey (ESPS) (2021-2022) [dataset],\" V02, https:\/\/microdata.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/6161"},{"name":"Ethiopia budget data ","note":"Source: Ministry of Finance\nUsers must request and access the data with permission from the Ministry of Finance. See details in the README.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"Ethiopia National Health Accounts Report (2019-2020) ","note":"Source: Ministry of Health Ethiopia ","uri":"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nha\/database\/DocumentationCentre\/GetFile\/60033121\/en","access_type":"Data is publicly available but not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Ministry of Health Ethiopia. 2022. \"Ethiopia National Health Accounts Report [dataset],\" https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nha\/database\/DocumentationCentre\/GetFile\/60033121\/en"}],"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","reproduction_instructions":"This package uses restricted data, which can only be accessed upon request. To successfully reproduce the analysis, follow these steps:\n\n1. Obtain access to the data (see the README for instructions).\n2. Run `00_Master.do` after updating the file path in line 11.\n3. Outputs will be generated in the folders `04_tables` and `05_figures`.\n\nSince the restricted data is not included in the reproducibility package and access may be difficult, all outputs generated by the reproducibility team have been included so users can compare the reproduced results with those reported in the paper.\n","technology_requirements":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 16.0 GB","technology_environment":"Runtime: 30 minutes"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted data"}],"schematype":"script"}