{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-12-02","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Alev Gurbuz Cuneo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"agurbuz@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Ana Maria Tribin Uribe","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"atribinuribe@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Tea Trumbic","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"ttrumbic@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Caroline Perrin","affiliation":"London School of Economics","email":"caroline.perrinwalter@gmail.com"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for \u201cI Want To Break Free\u201d: How Laws And Social Norms Open Doors For Women \u2013 A Literature Review","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_501"},"data_statement":" All data sources are publicly available but not all are included in the reproducibility package.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for \u201cI Want To Break Free\u201d: How Laws And Social Norms Open Doors For Women \u2013 A Literature Review","date":"2025-12","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_501","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_501.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-12-02","abstract":"This paper develops a conceptual framework to analyze how gendered social norms mediate the effects of legal frameworks on women\u2019s economic empowerment. Using the World Bank\u2019s Women, Business and the Law (WBL) domains, Safety, Mobility, Work, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Childcare, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension, as an organizing structure, we conduct a targeted, systematic review of 130 studies focused on nearly 30 single-country cases and diverse regional or multi-country contexts. Each study is coded by domain, research method, and type of norm\u2013law interaction, allowing us to classify patterns of evidence and identify gaps. We find that only 56% of reviewed studies establish causal relationships, with most relying on cross-sectional data and concentrated in high-income countries. Qualitative research provides rich contextual insights but remains fragmented. The review highlights the scarcity of longitudinal and intersectional data, and limited evidence on the link or causal relationship between legal reforms and gendered social norms. Although not exhaustive, the paper offers both a conceptual and data-based map of the literature.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Social Norms"},{"name":"Legal Frameworks"},{"name":"Women\u2019s Economic Empowerment"},{"name":"Gender Inequality"},{"name":"Laws"}],"topics":[{"id":"Z13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economic Sociology \u2022 Economic Anthropology \u2022 Language \u2022 Social and Economic Stratification ","parent_id":"Z1"},{"id":" K38","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Rights Law \u2022 Gender Law \u2022 Animal Rights Law","parent_id":"K3"},{"id":" J21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure","parent_id":"J2"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"\u201cI Want To Break Free\u201d: How Laws And Social Norms Open Doors For Women \u2013 A Literature Review"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 2minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Alev Gurbuz Cuneo","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"agurbuz@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Development Indicators ","note":"Select the following variable for all the available economies for 2024: Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate). Variable code: SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS.\nFiles: 01 Raw Data\/WDI.dta\n","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package.","citation":"World Bank. 2025. World Development Indicators [dataset]. https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators"},{"name":"Women, Business and the Law (WBL) 1.0 Data (1971\u20132024)","note":"Files: 01 Raw Data\/WBL1-0-1971-2024.dta","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","uri":"https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data","citation":"World Bank. 2024. Women, Business and the Law 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank."},{"name":"Women, Business and the Law 2.0 Data for 2024 ","uri":"https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data","citation":"World Bank. 2024. Women, Business and the Law 2024. Washington, DC: World Bank.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","note":"Files: 01 Raw Data\/WBL2024-2-0.xlsx"},{"name":"World Values Survey Time Series (1981-2022) ","note":"The paper uses Version 4.0 of the WVS Time Series dataset (1981\u20132022) which was accessed through submitting a request form for data access in 2024. At the time of the request, version 4 was the most recent version, and access was shared for that version. \nFiles: 01 Raw Data\/WVS_TimeSeries_4_0.dta","access_type":"Publicly available but cannot be redistributed.","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSDocumentationWVL.jsp","citation":"Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin & B. Puranen (eds.). 2022. World Values Survey: All Rounds - Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid, Spain & Vienna, Austria: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. Dataset Version 4.0.0. doi:10.14281\/18241.17","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/WVSDocumentationWVL.jsp"}],"reproduction_instructions":"1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder, run the files in the order:\n      - Update the global in line 34 of the do-file \"00 Master Dofile\" to your folder's location and run the do-file. \n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (4 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"Accessible Data"},{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}