{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-09-11","version":"2"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Trang Luu","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"luu.ht@hotmail.com"},{"name":"Nga Thi Nguyen","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"nnguyen26@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Robert Palacios","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"rpalacios@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Expanding pension coverage to the informal sector: the case of Viet Nam","idno":"RR_VNM_2024_237"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Expanding pension coverage to the informal sector: the case of Viet Nam","date":"2025-12","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_2024_VNM_237","zip_package":"RR_2024_VNM_237.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-09-11","abstract":"Viet Nam is a middle-income country that is aging rapidly in the context of low pension system coverage. Recently, the government has set ambitious targets to remedy this situation so that 60 percent of the labor force is contributing to a pension scheme by 2030, an increase of about 20 percentage points.1 In addition to expanding the categories of workers that are mandated to contribute, achieving this objective will require a substantial increase in coverage of the voluntary pension scheme for informal sector workers. This study analyses the impact of matching contributions to this scheme to date in order to estimate the potential impact of increased incentives currently under consideration.  \n\nThe analysis takes advantage of variation of these incentives as well as other characteristics across provinces and differences in the timing of implementation over time. The results suggest that increasing the matching contribution to around half of the total contribution could triple the number of contributors to almost 6 million at a cost of less than 0.1 percent of GDP. However, while the matching contribution appears to have a major impact, the regression results reveal that other factors not captured in the analysis are also at work. Survey results support this conclusion and suggest that improvements in communication and outreach could further increase participation. \n","geographic_units":[{"name":"Viet Nam","code":"VNM"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Working Paper","title":"Expanding pension coverage to the informal sector: the case of Viet Nam"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: 5 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Nga Thi Nguyen","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"nnguyen26@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this paper, a new user should:\n\n1. Open the `main.do` file.\n2. Update the file path in **line 20** to point to your local directory.\n3. Run the script.\n\nPlease note that most of the underlying data is restricted and, therefore, the full code cannot be executed by external users. For transparency, the replicators\u2019 outputs are included in the `Outputs` folder. Interested users can compare these results against the figures and tables in the published paper.\n","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2013 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2013 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1145G7 CPU @ 2.60GHz\n\u2013 Memory available: 15.7 GB\n\u2013 Software version: Stata version 18.5 MP\n","datasets":[{"name":"Vietnam Labor Force Survey ","note":"Files location: Data\/Raw\/LFS_2021.dta. The underlying data might be obtained by contacting the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO).\nVariables needed are in the README file.","access_type":"Data are restricted and not included in the reproducibility package","citation":"General Statistics Office of Vietnam. (2021). Labor Force Survey (LFS) [dataset]. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.nso.gov.vn\/en\/data-and-statistics\/2023\/03\/report-on-labour-force-survey-2021\/"},{"name":"Social Insurance Administrative Data","note":"Files location: Data\/Raw\/V2.0 TK_BHXH TN_WB_2017-22 consolidated.xlsx; variables include: Birth Year, Gender, Province, Year and Month, Poverty Status, Number of Contributors, Average Monthly Income, Number of New Participants, Contribution Amount (in billion VND), Number of Contributors (in 1000s) \u2014 Column F\/1000, Year, Quarter, and Individual Contribution Amount (22% of income).\nFiles location: Data\/Raw\/Monthly data_2023_2024.xlsx, which contains mandatory and voluntary contributors. The data was obtained from the Vietnam Social Security; replicators may contact them for access. \nThis information was used by the authors to construct Figures 1\u20133 manually. The aggregated values and resulting figures are available at: Outputs\/main\/figures\/VSIF_figure1_2_3.xlsx.","citation":"Vietnam Social Security. (2024). Social Insurance Administrative Data [dataset]. ","access_type":"Data are restricted and not included in the reproducibility package"},{"name":"Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index","note":"Files location: Data\/Raw\/2022PAPI_ProvincialIndicators_BangChiTieuCapTinh.xlsx. Direct download: https:\/\/papi.org.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/2022PAPI_ProvincialIndicators_BangChiTieuCapTinh-2.xlsx","access_type":"Data are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","citation":"Centre for Community Support and Development Studies (CECODES); United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); Real-Time Analytics (RTA). (2023). Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index (PAPI) [dataset]. https:\/\/papi.org.vn.","uri":"https:\/\/papi.org.vn","license":"Direct download; licensing information not available"},{"name":"Province-level Income and Poverty Index","note":"Files location: Data\/Raw\/GSO_income_pc.xlsx; Data\/Raw\/MOLISA_poverty.xlsx.","access_type":"Data are publicly available and included in the reproducibility package","uri":"https:\/\/www.gso.gov.vn\/en\/data-and-statistics\/2022\/08\/statistical-yearbook-of-2021\/","citation":"General Statistics Office of Vietnam. (2022). Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam [dataset]. https:\/\/www.gso.gov.vn\/en\/data-and-statistics\/2022\/08\/statistical-yearbook-of-2021\/.","license":"Direct download; licensing information not available"}]},"datacite":{"creators":[{"nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Trang","familyName":"Luu"},{"nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Nga Thi","familyName":"Nguyen"},{"nameType":"Personal","givenName":"Robert","familyName":"Palacios"}],"titles":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Expanding pension coverage to the informal sector: the case of Viet Nam","lang":"en"},{"titleType":"Other","title":"RR_VNM_2024_237"}],"publisher":"World Bank","publicationYear":"2025","types":{"resourceType":"Reproducibility package","resourceTypeGeneral":"Other"},"language":"en","url":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org\/index.php\/catalog\/study\/RR_VNM_2024_237","doi":"10.60572\/c5yz-bc48","prefix":"10.60572","suffix":"c5yz-bc48"},"tags":[{"tag":"Accessible Data"},{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}