{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-12-02","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Daniela M. Behr","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dbehr@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Yue Sophie Xi","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"yxi@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Closing The Gender Gap In Entrepreneurship: Overcoming Challenges In Law And Practice For Female Entrepreneurs","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_504"},"data_statement":"Some data sources are accessible but not redistributable and limited access, therefore not included in the reproducibility package. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Closing The Gender Gap In Entrepreneurship: Overcoming Challenges In Law And Practice For Female Entrepreneurs","date":"2025-12","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_504","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_504.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-12-02","abstract":"Despite significant strides toward gender equality, women around the world continue to encounter systemic obstacles that hinder their entrepreneurial success. This paper systematically reviews the literature on the barriers female entrepreneurs face and the solutions proposed to overcome these challenges. It discusses institutional factors, financial factors, human capital factors, and social and cultural factors. The literature overview is complemented by a series of stylized facts that illustrate how overcoming some of these existing barriers is correlated with improved women\u2019s entrepreneurship and female labor force participation, drawing on the World Bank\u2019s Women, Business and the Law database as well as the World Bank\u2019s Enterprise Surveys. The findings underscore the need for creating an enabling environment where women can thrive as entrepreneurs.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Entrepreneurship"},{"name":"Gender Equality"},{"name":"Women-Led Businesses"}],"topics":[{"id":"J16","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Economics of Gender \u2022 Non-labor Discrimination","parent_id":"J1"},{"id":" J21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" K38","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Rights Law \u2022 Gender Law \u2022 Animal Rights Law","parent_id":"K3"},{"id":" L26","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Entrepreneurship","parent_id":"L2"},{"id":" O12","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development","parent_id":"O1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Closing The Gender Gap In Entrepreneurship: Overcoming Challenges In Law And Practice For Female Entrepreneurs"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Daniela M. Behr","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dbehr@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Women, Business and The Law 1.0 (WBL) Data for 1971 - 2024","citation":"World Bank. (2024). \"Women, Business and the Law 1971-2024\" [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nFiles location: \/input\/WBL1-0-1971-2024.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data"},{"name":"Women, Business and the Law 2.0 (WBL) Data for 2024","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank. (2024). \"Women, Business and the Law 2024\" [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at https:\/\/wbl.worldbank.org\/en\/wbl-data.","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nFiles location: \/input\/WBL2024_LEGAL_EconLevel_ToPublish.dta and \/input\/WBL2024_SUPPORTIVE_EconLevel_ToPublish.dta."},{"uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/world-bank-official-boundaries","name":"World Bank Official Boundaries ","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Bank Official Boundaries\" [Dataset]. World Bank Development Data Hub. Available at https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038272\/world-bank-official-boundaries.","note":"Access date: September 2025.\nFiles location: \/input\/World Bank Official Boundaries. The raw shapefile used is \u201cWB_GAD_ADM0_complete.shp\u201d and then stored as \u201cWB_GAD_ADM0_complete_shp.dta\u201d for use."},{"name":"World Development Indicators (WDI)","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Development Indicators\" [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators.","note":"Access date: January 2025.\nFiles location: \/input\/WDI_Raw data.xlsx\u201d.","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators"},{"uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD","name":"World Development Indicators (WDI) (GDP per capita) ","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Access date: November 2025.\nFiles location: input\/API_NY.GDP.PCAP.CD_DS2_en_csv_v2_134819.csv ","citation":"World Bank. (2025). World Development Indicators [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD."},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) (Economy Level)","note":"This is an economy-level, aggregated dataset and can be downloaded after selecting all economies and \u201cGender\u201d as a topic.\nAccess date: November 2025.\nFiles location: input\/CustomQuery-Nov-6-2025.xlsx.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","uri":"https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/en\/data","citation":" World Bank. (2025). \"World Bank Enterprise Surveys\" [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at www.enterprisesurveys.org."},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) (Firm Level)","note":"This dataset is firm level micro data and can be accessed after selecting the page \u201cAccess microdata\u201d. \nAccess date: October 2025.\nFiles location: Data must be saved as input\/New_Comprehensive_October_6_2025.dta","access_type":"Data access requires approval, therefore data is not included in the reproducibility package. (Limited-access)","uri":"https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/en\/data","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Bank Enterprise Surveys\" [Dataset]. World Bank. Available at www.enterprisesurveys.org."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this study, please follow the steps below:\n1. Acquire the limited-access data and place it in \/input folder. (For details please refer to the README file or the individual data entries).\n2. Set the username and the global paths in Part 2 of \u201c0_Master.do\u201d.\n3. Run main do-file sequentially, and switch from 0 to 1 to run the Part 3 of \u201c0_Master.do\u201d.","technology_requirements":"~5 minutes runtime","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in one computer with the following specifications:\nOS: Windows 11 Enterprise\nProcessor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5218 CPU @2.30GHz\nMemory available: 6 GB\nSoftware version: Stata 18.5 MP"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Limited-access Data"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Open Data"}],"schematype":"script"}