{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-12-09","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Ze Han","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"zhan1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Lisandro Martin","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"lmartin1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Juan Jose Leguia","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"jleguia@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Neither Too Little, nor Too Late: Restructuring as a Reflex for Outcomes","idno":"RR_WLD_2025_500"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.1"},{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Neither Too Little, nor Too Late: Restructuring as a Reflex for Outcomes","date":"2025-12","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_WLD_2025_500","zip_package":"RR_WLD_2025_500.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-12-09","abstract":"We examine whether project restructuring improves World Bank project performance. Using panel data on Implementation Status and Results (ISR) ratings, we combine two-way fixed effects with the PanelMatch estimator to address concerns that restructurings are endogenously timed. Restructurings consistently raise ISR ratings, and these gains persist across successive reporting cycles. Timing and scope both matter: early restructurings generate durable improvements, while late interventions yield shorter-lived boosts bounded by project horizons. Level One restructurings produce larger effects than Level Two adjustments. These patterns show that adaptation works best when it is timely and substantive. More broadly, restructuring should be viewed not as a reactive correction but as an ordinary mechanism of adaptive management -- a structured learning process that transforms performance signals into actionable design updates, reinforcing institutional flexibility and credible mid-course correction.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Restructuring"},{"name":"World Bank"},{"name":"Project Performance"},{"name":"Adaptive Management"}],"topics":[{"id":"F35","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Foreign Aid","parent_id":"F3"},{"id":" H43","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Project Evaluation \u2022 Social Discount Rate","parent_id":"H4"},{"id":" O19","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"International Linkages to Development \u2022 Role of International Organizations","parent_id":"O1"},{"id":" O22","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Project Analysis","parent_id":"O2"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"Neither Too Little, nor Too Late: Restructuring as a Reflex for Outcomes"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Ze Han","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"zhan1@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Bank projects data","note":"Source: World Bank.\nFiles location: \/data\/raw\/v_dim_portfolio_project_isr.csv, \/data\/raw\/v_dim_project.csv, \/data\/raw\/v_dim_restructuring.csv.\nData are limited-access available to World Bank staff at http:\/\/databricks.worldbank.org > prd_corpdata > dm_operation_gold.\nData was accessed on August 18, 2025.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank.\n(n.d.).\n\"World Bank projects data [dataset]\".\nUnpublished data.\nAccessed on August 18, 2025."},{"note":"Source: Author's construction based on the Results and Performance of the World Bank Group reports. See details in the README.\nFile location:\/data\/final\/rap_rest_freq.csv","access_type":"Data are included in the reproducibility package","name":"Restructuring-related terms in Results and Performance reports","citation":"Martin, L., Leguia, J. J., Han, Z.\n2025.\n\"Restructuring-related terms in Results and Performance reports [dataset]\".\nConstructed on August 18, 2025."},{"name":"World Bank Documents and Reports","note":"Source: World Bank. The metadata for World Bank project restructuring documents was extracted using the World Bank Documents API. See details in the README.\nFile location:\/data\/final\/txt_meta.csv\nConstructed on September 19, 2025.","access_type":"Data are included in the reproducibility package","citation":"World Bank.\n2025.\n\"World Bank Documents and Reports [dataset]\".\nAccessed via the World Bank Documents and Reports API.\nAccessed on September 19, 2025.","uri":"https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports"},{"name":"World Bank active projects portfolio","note":"Source: World Bank Internal Standard Reports.\nAuthor's construction. See details in the README.\nFiles location: \/data\/final\/proj_active.csv.\nData was accessed on October 29, 2025.\nData are limited-access available to World Bank staff at https:\/\/standardreports.worldbank.org. Data are not included in the package.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"World Bank.\n(n.d.).\n\"World Bank active projects portfolio [dataset]\".\nUnpublished data.\nAccessed on October 29, 2025.","uri":"https:\/\/standardreports.worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6226R CPU @ 2.90GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 16.0 GB","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 1.5 hours","reproduction_instructions":"Most data used is limited-access and not included in the reproducibility package. Once users have access to all the data, to reproduce the findings, a new user needs to:\n1. Adjust the file path in the `main.R` script and run the code.\n2. Adjust the file path in the `main.do` do-file and run the code.\nThe README contains information on accessing all datasets."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}