{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2025-12-16","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Metin Nebiler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mnebiler@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Kyunglin Park","affiliation":"Carnegie Mellon University","email":"linp@andrew.cmu.edu"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Effects Of Digital Literacy On Wages In Europe And Central Asia","idno":"RR_EUR_2025_485"},"data_statement":"Some data is limited-access and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18 MP"},{"name":"Python","version":"3.10.19"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for The Effects Of Digital Literacy On Wages In Europe And Central Asia","date":"2025-12","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_EUR_2025_485","zip_package":"RR_EUR_2025_485.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2025-12-16","abstract":"Digital skills are becoming increasingly more important in the labor market as demand for digital skills are increasing in all sectors. However, supply of digital skills and wage premium of these skills are less studied areas, with very little evidence in developing countries. This paper explores the determinants of digital skill acquisition and estimates the impact of digital skills on wages by using the latest round of the Life in Transition Survey from 30 countries in the Europe and Central Asia region. Our results show that the acquisition of digital skills in developing countries is significantly lower than more developed countries. Digital skills are correlated with individual characteristics including age, education and gender but also with households characteristics such as household income, residence place and parents\u2019 educational attainment. The results also suggest that people with high digital skills earn 19 percent higher wages compared to those with no digital skills. Moreover, the magnitude of this wage premium shows significant heterogeneity across labor markets.","geographic_units":[{"name":"Europe","code":"EUR"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Labor Market"},{"name":"Earnings"},{"name":"Skills"},{"name":"International Comparison"}],"topics":[{"id":"J01","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Economics: General","parent_id":"J0"},{"id":" J21","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" J24","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Human Capital \u2022 Skills \u2022 Occupational Choice \u2022 Labor Productivity","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" J31","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Wage Level and Structure \u2022 Wage Differentials","parent_id":"J3"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP)","title":"The Effects Of Digital Literacy On Wages In Europe And Central Asia"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Run time: ~ 40 minutes","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Metin Nebiler","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"mnebiler@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (4 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 32.0 GB\n","reproduction_instructions":"The package uses the Stata package datalibweb, which is accessible only to World Bank staff. The following instructions apply to World Bank staff.\n\n1. **Secure Access to Data:** Access the datasets not included in the package. The package relies on the Stata command datalibweb to get access to some datasets, which is only accessible to World Bank staff. See subsection Datasets and the README for more details.\n2. **Download and Place Data:** Once the data is accessed, users should place it in the appropriate folder.\n3. **Run the Package:** After placing the data in the folder, run the files in the order:\n      - Update the global in line 12 of the do-file \"main_dofile\" to your folder's location and run the do-file. \n      - To run the python code: Recreate the environment using the environment.txt file and run the file fig_dig_skill_gdp.\n\nSince all the data is not included, the package includes the results produced by replicators. These files can be used to review the results presented in the paper.","datasets":[{"name":"Life in Transition Survey IV","uri":"https:\/\/www.ebrd.com\/home\/what-we-do\/office-of-the-chief-economist\/lits\/life-in-transition-survey-data.html","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ebrd.com\/home\/terms-and-conditions.html","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"LITS IV was conducted in 2022-23 and covered 33 EBRD economies and four comparators. Version: 060525. \nFiles: data\/lits4.dta","citation":"European Bank for Reconstruction and Development , & World Bank (2022). Life in Transition Survey IV [Data set]."},{"name":"World Development Indicators","note":"Indicators: GDP per capita (current US$) \/ ID: NY.GDP.PCAP.CD.\nAccessed 2024. \nFiles: data\/gdp_per_capita_wdi.xlsx","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 ","uri":"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank (2024). World Development Indicators [dataset]. Indicators accessed: GDP per capita (current US$)"},{"citation":"Global TSD (2025). Survey IDs: Support_2005_CPI_V14_M. As of 15\/12\/2025 via Datalibweb Stata Package\n","name":"Consumer Price Index: Datalibweb 2.0","note":"Data was obtained from the World Bank Datalibweb platform (datalibweb2.worldbank.org\/home) using the Stata package datalibweb. Access to data is restricted to World Bank staff using Bank-managed computers and is not available to external users. \nfiles: data\/Support_2005_CPI_V14_M.dta","access_type":"Data is restricted to World Bank staff and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/datalibweb2.worldbank.org\/about"},{"citation":" ECA TSD (2025). Survey IDs: ECA_2022_LITS_v01_M. As of  15\/12\/2025 via Datalibweb Stata Package\n","name":"Life in Transition Survey: Datalibweb 2.0","note":"Data was obtained from the World Bank Datalibweb platform (datalibweb2.worldbank.org\/home) using the Stata package datalibweb. Access to data is restricted to World Bank staff using Bank-managed computers and is not available to external users. \nfiles: data\/lits4_old.dta","access_type":"Data is restricted to World Bank staff and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/datalibweb2.worldbank.org\/about"}]},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}