{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-01-22","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Zahid Hasnain","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"zhasnain@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Public Workforce Performance And Prosperity","idno":"FR_WLD_2025_527"},"data_statement":"Some data requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package. Some data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library.","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.2"},{"name":"Stata","version":"19MP"},{"name":"Excel"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Public Workforce Performance And Prosperity","date":"2026-01","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"FR_WLD_2025_527","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2025_527.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-01-22","abstract":"In today\u2019s rapidly evolving global context, the skills, motivation, and integrity of the world\u2019s 400 million public sector workers\u2014both those on the front lines serving communities and the administrators managing resources and operations\u2014is key for effective and efficient governments. Drawing on an extensive evidence base of academic research and original data, including unique surveys and cross-national indicators compiled by the World Bank\u2019s Bureaucracy Lab, this report proposes a framework for understanding and improving workforce performance. The analysis focuses on three key drivers: the wage bill (how governments hire and compensate staff), management practices (how workers are motivated and developed), and digital technologies (how innovation transforms the workplace).","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Public Sector"},{"name":"Hrm"},{"name":"Wage Bill"},{"name":"Management Practices"},{"name":"Digital Technologies"},{"name":"Public Servants"},{"name":"Governance"}],"output":[{"title":"Public Workforce Performance And Prosperity","authors":"This report was produced by a core World Bank team consisting of Zahid Hasnain (lead author), Faisal Baig, Juan Pablo Guerrero Amparan, Ayesha Khurshid, Dimitrie Mihes, Anita Sobjak, Flavia Sacco, Turkan Mukhtarova, Suren Tripathi, Samuel Garoni, Stuart Russell, Juan Francisco Santini, Akanksha Baidya, Jorge Miranda, Sayed Madadi, and Margherita Fornasari."}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Zahid Hasnain","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"zhasnain@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"Global Survey of Public Servants (GSPS)","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Access date: November 2025.\nVisualizations accessed via the Global Survey of Public Servants Data Dashboard.\nFile name: `GSPS_Reproducability.xlsx`. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/03_external_survey_datasets` and `GSPS_Indicators_Dataset_11_10_23.xlsx` located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/01_survey_raw\/input\/GSPS`. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.globalsurveyofpublicservants.org\/data-dashboard","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"Fukuyama, F., Rogger, D., Hasnain, Z., Bersch, K., Mistree, D., Schuster, C., Mikkelsen, K. S., Kay, K., & Meyer-Sahling, J. (2021). \"Global Survey of Public Servants Indicators [Dataset]\". Available at https:\/\/www.globalsurveyofpublicservants.org\/data-dashboard."},{"name":"Global Education Policy Dashboard (GEPD)","citation":"World Bank. (2024). \"Global Education Policy Dashboard [Dataset]\". World Bank. Available at https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/dataset\/global-education-policy-dashboard.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/dataset\/global-education-policy-dashboard","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nFile name: `GEPD_Indicators_Reproducability.xlsx`. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/03_external_survey_datasets`.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators (WWBI)","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"World Bank. (2024). \"Worldwide Bureaucracy Indicators [Dataset]\". World Bank.\nAvailable at: https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/dataset\/worldwide-bureaucracy-indicators","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Access date: November 2025.\nFile names: `WB WWBI.xlsx`, `WB WWBI - Wage premium.xlsx`, `WB WWBI - Wage Bill as a share of GDP and Government Expenditures.xlsx`. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/04_non_survey_data`."},{"name":"World Economic Outlook (WEO)","citation":"International Monetary Fund. (2025). \"World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database [Dataset]\". International Monetary Fund. Available at https:\/\/data.imf.org\/en\/datasets\/IMF.RES:WEO.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nFile names: `IMF WEO.xlsx` and `IMF WEO - General government net lending-borrowing.xlsx`. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/04_non_survey_data`.","license_uri":" https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/terms.htm"},{"name":"International Survey on Revenue Administration (ISORA)","citation":"ADB, CIAT, IMF, IOTA and OECD. (2025). \"International Survey on Revenue Administration [Dataset]\". ADB, CIAT, IMF, IOTA and OECD. Available at http:\/\/ISORADATA.ORG.","license_uri":"https:\/\/data.imf.org\/en\/Datasets\/RAFIT-Consolidated\/Terms-and-Conditions","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nFiles name: `ISORA.xlsx`, `ISORA - Salary cost as percent of operating expenditure.xlsx`, `ISORA - Registered Tax Payer and Population per FTE.xlsx`. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/04_non_survey_data`.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Lightcast Data ","access_type":"Data requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Lightcast. (n.d.). \"Lightcast (labor market and workforce analytics) [Dataset]\". Available at https:\/\/lightcast.io\/.","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nFile name: Lightcast.xlsx. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/04_non_survey_data`. These data capture the demand for climate-related or \u201cgreen\u201d skills in the public administration compared to the broader labor market."},{"name":"Surveys of Public Sector Employees (World Bank Bureaucracy Lab)","note":"Access date: March 2025.\nThese datasets are collected by the team. Folder names and raw country survey data: Pakistan, Philippines, Uruguay, Mali, Madagascar, Madagascar_education, Malaysia, Kosovo, Liberia, Ethiopia, Croatia, Estonia, Argentina, Armenia, Bosnia, Covid-19. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/01_survey_raw\/input`. In order to replicate the results for WWBI figures, replicators must place `Bosnia_clean.dta` created by the code, in `02_code\/r scripts and data\/WWBI\/Data\/in`.","access_type":"Data is forthcoming in the World Bank Microdata Library.","citation":"World Bank, forthcoming, \"Surveys of public sector employees [Dataset]\". World Bank Bureaucracy Lab."},{"name":"World Values Survey: Round Seven (2017-2022)","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/wvs.jsp","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nFolder name: World Value Survey. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/01_survey_raw\/input`.","citation":"Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. (eds.). (2022). \"World Values Survey: Round Seven (2017\u20132022) Country-Pooled Datafile (Version 7) [Dataset]\". World Values Survey Association. Available at https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/wvs.jsp."},{"name":"World Development Indicators (WDI)","note":"Access date: May 2025.\nIndicator used: GDP per capita 2015.\nFile name: WB WDI.xlsx. Located in `Synthesis chapter\/01_data\/04_non_survey_data`.","uri":"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","citation":"World Bank. (n.d.). \"World Development Indicators [Dataset]\". World Bank. Available at https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this study, please follow the steps below:\n1. Obtain access to the limited-access and forthcoming datasets.\nRefer to the Datasets section of this documentation and the README file for detailed information on each dataset.\n2. Place each dataset in its designated folder.\n3. Update the main directory paths in `MASTER.do` and `0-main.R`.\n4. For WWBI and GSPS outputs, run their respective R projects. For Stata outputs, run `MASTER.do`.\nAll outputs are generated using the code included in the reproducibility package, allowing users to directly compare the results with those reported in the manuscript.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U @ 2.60GHz\n\u2022 Memory available: 31 GB\n\u2022 Software version: Stata 19.0 MP and R 4.5.2","technology_requirements":"~10 minutes runtime."},"tags":[{"tag":"Accessible Data"},{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"}],"schematype":"script"}