{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-01-15","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Hiau Looi Kee","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hlkee@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Daria Taglioni","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"dtaglioni@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Enze Xie","affiliation":"School of Economics, Zhejiang University","email":"enzexie@zju.edu.cn"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Green Product Exports, Domestic Value Added And Trade Policies: Firm-Level Evidence From China","idno":"RR_CHN_2025_459"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. (Limited-access\/Restricted Data)","software":[{"name":"Stata","version":"18.5 MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Green Product Exports, Domestic Value Added And Trade Policies: Firm-Level Evidence From China","date":"2026-01","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_CHN_2025_459","zip_package":"RR_CHN_2025_459.zip","dependencies":"Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-01-15","abstract":"This paper examines the role of trade liberalization in China's meteoric rise as the world's leading supplier of green products. Evidence from firm-level customs transaction data from 2000 to 2016 matched with detailed tariff and non-tariff measure information shows that processing firms drove the export surge in solar panels and wind products. The empirical analysis uncovers a clear chain of transmission from upstream liberalization to downstream export performance. Processing firms producing green products benefited from greater domestic variety in inputs and  materials. Upstream tariff reductions lowered domestic input prices and eased substitution of domestic materials for imported materials. This is turn raised the domestic value-added ratio for the processing firms and their exports of green products. A two-sector model rationalizes the empirical results. The results highlight the importance of supply-chain-wide openness for developing competitive new industries. They also emphasize the role of trade policy liberalization paired with domestic policies aimed at boosting capabilities and market scale, and with synchronized global demand, to explain how China achieved rapid dominance in solar and wind industries.\n","geographic_units":[{"name":"China","code":"CHN"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Green Products"},{"name":"Renewable Energy"},{"name":"Solar And Wind"},{"name":"Tariffs"},{"name":"Non-Tariff Measures (Ntms)"},{"name":"Domestic Value Added In Exports (Dvar)"},{"name":"Global Value Chains (Gvcs)"},{"name":"Supplier Linkages"},{"name":"China"}],"topics":[{"id":"F13","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade Policy \u2022 International Trade Organizations","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F14","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Empirical Studies of Trade","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" F18","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Trade and Environment","parent_id":"F1"},{"id":" Q27","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Issues in International Trade","parent_id":"Q2"},{"id":" Q56","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Environment and Development \u2022 Environment and Trade \u2022 Sustainability \u2022 Environmental Accounts and Accounting \u2022 Environmental Equity \u2022 Population Growth","parent_id":"Q5"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11240","title":"Green Product Exports, Domestic Value Added And Trade Policies: Firm-Level Evidence From China","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1596\/1813-9450-11240","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099754510232510512"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"technology_requirements":"Runtime: ~10 minutes.","disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Hiau Looi Kee","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"hlkee@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"China imports and exports by firm, year, and product group","note":"Source: China Customs.\nData contains the imports and exports by firm, year, and product group for all Chinese firms during 2000-2016. Data was accessed in May 2023 via the National School of Development of Peking University. Data access was managed by Enze Xie (enzexie@zju.edu.cn).\nData file: \"MENA.dta\".","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data manager. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"China Customs.\nn.d.\n\"China imports and exports by firm, year, and product group\" [dataset].\nUnpublished data.\nAccessed May 2023."},{"name":"Oil price - Crude prices since 1861","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"BP, Energy Institute\n2022.\n\u201cOil price - Crude prices since 1861\u201d [dataset].\nRetrieved from Our World in Data.\nDownloaded from https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/crude-oil-prices.\nAccessed July 08, 2022.","note":"Source: BP, Energy Institute.\nData file: \"crude-oil-prices.xlsx\".\nData was accessed in July 2022.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.energyinst.org\/terms","uri":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/crude-oil-prices"},{"name":"World Integrated Trade Solution - Trade Data (UN COMTRADE)","note":"Source: World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), World Bank, United Nations Statistics Division.\nData was downloaded with the advanced query tool from WITS, selecting all reporters, all products at HS6 level, all partners, years 1996-2020, and saving exports and import in different files.\nData files: \"ALL_FILES_h1_export.dta\", \"ALL_FILES_h1_import.dta\".\nData was accessed in October 2022.","license":"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/faqs.html","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/WITS\/WITS\/AdvanceQuery\/RawTradeData\/QueryDefinition.aspx?Page=RawTradeData","citation":"World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), World Bank, United Nations Statistics Division.\nn.d.\n\"World Integrated Trade Solution - Trade Data (UN COMTRADE)\" [dataset].\nAccessed from https:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/WITS\/WITS\/AdvanceQuery\/RawTradeData\/QueryDefinition.aspx?Page=RawTradeData.\nAccessed October 2022."}],"reproduction_instructions":"**1. Access the data and code:** Two datasets in the reproducibility package are accessible (public but not included) and one is restricted. Data cleaning and analysis scripts are temporarily embargoed by the authors. The scripts for the Working Paper will be added to the package once the paper is accepted for publication to a journal. Users need to gain access to the data and code files to be able to reproduce the results.\n**2. Place the data and code:** Once all data and code files are obtained, paste all files in the corresponding folders according to the README.\n**3. Run the code:** Add the root folder in line 9 of the do-file \"main\" and run it.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise, version 23H2\n\u2022 Processor: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8562Y+ 2.80 GHz (2 processors)\n\u2022 Memory available: 64 GB"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Restricted Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}