{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-01-08","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Bob Rijkers","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brijkers@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Joep Keuzenkamp","affiliation":"Utrecht University","email":"j.w.h.keuzenkamp@uu.nl"},{"name":"Jacopo Mazza","affiliation":"Utrecht University","email":"j.mazza@uu.nl"},{"name":"Katherine Stapleton","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"kstapleton@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Is Place-Based Green Industrial Policy Effective? Evidence From The Inflation Reduction Act","idno":"RR_USA_2025_518"},"data_statement":"Some data requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file.","software":[{"name":"R ","version":"4.5.2"},{"name":"Stata","version":"18MP"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Is Place-Based Green Industrial Policy Effective? Evidence From The Inflation Reduction Act","date":"2026-01","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"RR_USA_2025_518","zip_package":"RR_USA_2025_518.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-01-08","abstract":"Is place-based green industrial policy effective? We examine the Inflation Reduction Act\u2019s Energy Community provisions, which provide spatially targeted incentives for renewable energy investment. Using a difference-in-differences design with investment and job vacancy data, we find that the probability of solar investment rises 0.14 percentage points in targeted areas, equivalent to a 144% increase relative to its counterfactual level. Wind investment shows no response. Solar employment gains are modest and wind employment is unaffected. These findings suggest place-based incentives can stimulate green investment in designated locations, but may be less effective at generating local\njobs.","geographic_units":[{"name":"United States of America","code":"USA"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Place-Based Industrial Policy"},{"name":"Inflation Reduction Act"},{"name":"Renewable Energy Investment"},{"name":"Regional Economic Development"},{"name":"Labor Market Impacts"}],"topics":[{"id":"H81","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Governmental Loans \u2022 Loan Guarantees \u2022 Credits \u2022 Grants \u2022 Bailouts","parent_id":"H8"},{"id":" J23","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Labor Demand","parent_id":"J2"},{"id":" Q42","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Alternative Energy Sources","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" Q48","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Government Policy","parent_id":"Q4"},{"id":" R11","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/econlit\/jelCodes.php?view=jel","vocabulary":"Journal of Economic Literature (JEL)","name":"Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes","parent_id":"R1"}],"output":[{"type":"Working Paper","description":"Policy Research Working Papers (PRWP) 11337","title":"Is Place-Based Green Industrial Policy Effective? Evidence From The Inflation Reduction Act","uri":"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/099833003192616654"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Bob Rijkers","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"brijkers@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"IRA Energy Community Data Layers","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","citation":"U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). (n.d.). National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Interagency Working Group on Coal & Power Plant Communities & Economic Revitalization (IWG), U.S. Department of the Treasury, \"IRA Energy Community Data Layers [Dataset].\" Available at https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/dataset\/ira-energy-community-data-layers.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/edx.netl.doe.gov\/dataset\/ira-energy-community-data-layers","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nData folders: `Coal_Closures_EnergyComm_v2024_1`, `ira_coal_closure_energy_comm_2023v2`, `MSA_NMSA_EC_FFE_v2024_1`, `ira_data_msanmsa_ffe_ec_2023v2` and `MSA_NMSA_EC_FFE_Status_v2023_3`."},{"name":"TIGER\/Line Geodatabase: National Sub-State Geography Geodatabase","uri":"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/time-series\/geo\/tiger-geodatabase-file.2020.html","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nData folder: `tlgdb_2020_a_us_substategeo.gdb`.","citation":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). \"TIGER\/Line Geodatabase: National Sub-State Geography Geodatabase [Dataset]\".  U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division. Available at https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/time-series\/geo\/tiger-geodatabase-file.2020.html.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory","uri":"https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/electricity\/data\/eia860M\/","citation":"U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.). \"Preliminary Monthly Electric Generator Inventory (based on Form EIA-860M as a supplement to Form EIA-860)[Dataset]\". U.S. Department of Energy. Available at https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/electricity\/data\/eia860M\/.","note":"Access date: October 2025\nAll datasets downloaded and stored in the `eia_monthly_data` folder.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) ","citation":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). \"Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) [Dataset]\". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Available at https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cew\/downloadable-data-files.htm.","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nAll datasets downloaded are under \"Country High-Level\" in the webpage and stored in the `quarterly employment data` folder.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"BEA Regional Data: GDP and Personal Income ","uri":"https:\/\/apps.bea.gov\/itable\/?ReqID=70&step=1&_gl=1*tsynxv*_ga*OTgzMDA3NDk2LjE3MTE2MzE0MDA.*_ga_J4698JNNFT*MTcyNDE2MDQ5MS4xNC4xLjE3MjQxNjA1MDcuNDQuMC4w#eyJhcHBpZCI6NzAsInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyOSwyNSwzMSwyNiwyN10sImRhdGEiOltbIlRhYmxlSWQiLCI1MDMiXSxbIk1ham9yX0FyZWEiLCI0Il0sWyJTdGF0ZSIsWyJYWCJdXSxbIkFyZWEiLFsiWFgiXV0sWyJTdGF0aXN0aWMiLFsiLTEiXV0sWyJVbml0X29mX21lYXN1cmUiLCJMZXZlbHMiXV19","note":"Access date: November 2023. \nVariable used is \"Time Period 2017-2022\".\nData file: `CAGDP9__ALL_AREAS_2017_2022.csv`.\n","citation":"U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (n.d.). \"Regional data: GDP and personal income (CAGDP9), 2017\u20132022 [Dataset]\". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Available at https:\/\/apps.bea.gov\/itable\/?ReqID=70&step=1&_gl=1*tsynxv*_ga*OTgzMDA3NDk2LjE3MTE2MzE0MDA.*_ga_J4698JNNFT.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"U.S. Presidential Elections ","uri":"https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/VOQCHQ","citation":"MIT Election Data and Science Lab. (2018). \"County Presidential Election Returns 2000-2024 [Dataset]\". Harvard Dataverse. Available at https:\/\/dataverse.harvard.edu\/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910\/DVN\/VOQCHQ.","license_uri":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 1.0","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nData file: `countypres_2000-2024.tab`.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"USDA Country Level Datasets","uri":"https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/county-level-data-sets\/county-level-data-sets-download-data","citation":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (n.d.). \"Country Level Datasets [Dataset]\". Economic Research Service. Available at https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/county-level-data-sets\/county-level-data-sets-download-data.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"http:\/\/www.opendefinition.org\/licenses\/cc-zero","license":"Creative Commons CC0","note":"Access date: October 2025. \nFiles: Educational attainment for adults age 25 and older for the United States, States, and counties, 1970\u20132023 (`Education2023.csv`). \nPoverty estimates for the United States, States, and counties, 2023 (`Poverty2023.csv`).\nUnemployment and median household income for the United States, States, and counties, 2000\u201323 (`Unemployment2023.csv`)."},{"name":"Yale Climate Opinion Maps 2024 (US)","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nData file: `YCOM_2024_publicdata.csv`","citation":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. (2025). \"Yale Climate Opinion Maps 2024 (US) [Dataset]\". Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. Available at https:\/\/climatecommunication.yale.edu\/visualizations-data\/ycom-us\/.","uri":"https:\/\/climatecommunication.yale.edu\/visualizations-data\/ycom-us\/","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"AIDDATA GeoBoundaries","citation":"Goodman, S., BenYishay, A., Lv, Z., & Runfola, D. (2019). \"GeoQuery: Integrating HPC systems and public web-based geospatial data tools\". Computers & geosciences, 122, 103-112. Available a https:\/\/www.aiddata.org\/geoquery.","uri":"https:\/\/geo.aiddata.org\/#!\/status\/66600e58b2ec97558133d632","note":"Access date: August 2024.\nData file 1: `66600e58b2ec97558133d632_results` (RESULTS CSV). Access date: October 2025. Data file 2:`usa_adm2_geoquery_fips`. Access date: August 2024. The data-distributor for this dataset uses unintelligible IDs for geographical regions (in this case U.S. counties). To connect those datasets authors asked via the contact email (\"info@aiddata.org\" <info@aiddata.org>) for a file that translates the county ID from GeoQuery to the FIPS code. There is not a formal or documented process on their website via which this can be done.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Clean Investment Monitor","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package. ","uri":"https:\/\/climatedeck.rhg.com\/","note":"Access date: October 2025\nFile name: `CIM`.\nUsers need to create an account on the Climate Deck page to be able to download the datasets. ","citation":"Rhodium Group-MIT\/CEEPR. (n.d.). \"Clean Investment Monitor [Dataset]\". Available at https:\/\/climatedeck.rhg.com\/.","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"name":"2020 Decennial Census (United States Census Bureau)","uri":"https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=160XX00US0473420","note":"Access date: October 2025.\nFile name: `DECENNIALDP2020.DP1_2024-04-08T040530`.","citation":"U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). \"DP1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics (2020 Decennial Census) [Dataset]\". U.S. Department of Commerce. Available at https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table\/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=160XX00US0473420.","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Census Open Data Educational Attainment (2018-2022) (United States Census Bureau)","access_type":"Publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). \"Educational Attainment 2018\u20132022 \u2014 5-year American Community Survey county estimates [Dataset]\". Census COVID-19 Data Hub (ArcGIS Hub). Available at https:\/\/covid19-uscensus.hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/USCensus::educational-attainment-2018-2022-counties\/explore?layer=2.","uri":"https:\/\/covid19-uscensus.hub.arcgis.com\/datasets\/USCensus::educational-attainment-2018-2022-counties\/explore?layer=2","note":"Access date: November 2025.\nFile name: `Educational Attainment 2018-2022_538028214885328561.xlsx`."},{"name":"Lightcast Data","note":"Access date: July 2025. \nDatasets: calculate_labor_market_tightness.csv, Create_Grey_Dataset_2015_16.csv, Create_Grey_Dataset_2017_18.csv, Create_Grey_Dataset_2019_20.csv, Create_Grey_Dataset_2021_22.csv, Create_Grey_Dataset_2023_24.csv, Create_Solar_Dataset_2015_16.csv, Create_Solar_Dataset_2017_18.csv, Create_Solar_Dataset_2019_20.csv, Create_Solar_Dataset_2021_22.csv, Create_Solar_Dataset_2023_24.csv, Create_Y02E10_Dataset_2015_16.csv, Create_Y02E10_Dataset_2017_18.csv, Create_Y02E10_Dataset_2019_20.csv, Create_Y02E10_Dataset_2021_22.csv, Create_Y02E10_Dataset_2023_24.csv, Create_Total_Dataset.csv, Create_Wind_Dataset_2015_16.csv, Create_Wind_Dataset_2017_18.csv, Create_Wind_Dataset_2019_20.csv, Create_Wind_Dataset_2021_22.csv, Create_Wind_Dataset_2023_24.csv.\nDatasets must be placed in the folder named \"lightcast data\".","access_type":"Data requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","citation":"Lightcast. (n.d.). \"Lightcast (labor market and workforce analytics) [Dataset]\". Available at https:\/\/lightcast.io\/.","uri":"https:\/\/lightcast.io\/"}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this study, please follow the steps below:\n1. Acquire the limited-access data and place it in its respective folder.\n2. Update the main directory and the Stata path in line 317 in the main.R file to your local setup.\n3. Run the file.","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced in one computer with the following specifications: \nOS: Windows 11 Enterprise\nProcessor: Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 7 165U\nMemory available: 31 GB","technology_requirements":"~9 hours runtime."},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}