{"type":"script","doc_desc":{"producers":[{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","abbr":"DECDI","affiliation":"World Bank - Development Impact Department","role":"Verification and preparation of metadata"}],"prod_date":"2026-03-10","version":"1"},"project_desc":{"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Norbert Schady","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"nschady@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Joana Silva","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"jsilva@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Alaka Holla","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"aholla@worldbank.org"}],"title_statement":{"title":"Reproducibility package for Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces","idno":"FR_WLD_2026_570"},"data_statement":"Some data is restricted and has not been included in the reproducibility package. For more details, please refer to the README file. ","software":[{"name":"R","version":"4.5.2"},{"name":"Stata","version":"19.5"}],"scripts":[{"title":"Reproducibility package for Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces","date":"2026-03","notes":"Computational reproducibility verified by Development Impact (DECDI) Analytics team, World Bank.","instructions":"See README in reproducibility package.","file_name":"FR_WLD_2026_570","zip_package":"FR_WLD_2026_570.zip","dependencies":"R dependencies are listed in the file renv.lock. Stata dependencies are listed in the ado folder."}],"repository_uri":[{"name":"Reproducible Research Repository (World Bank)","uri":"https:\/\/reproducibility.worldbank.org"}],"production_date":"2026-03-10","abstract":"The flagship report is structured around five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses why we should care about human capital, whether poor countries have increased their levels of human capital, and the importance of settings for human capital policy. Chapter 2 discusses human capital accumulation in the home. Chapter 3 discusses human capital accumulation in the neighborhood. Chapter 4 discusses human capital accumulation in the workplace. Chapter 5 discusses how to build more human capital at home, in neighborhoods, and at work.","geographic_units":[{"name":"World","code":"WLD"}],"keywords":[{"name":"Human Capital"},{"name":"Education"},{"name":"Health"},{"name":"Jobs"}],"output":[{"type":"Flagships & Reports","title":"Building Human Capital Where It Matters: Homes, Neighborhoods, And Workplaces","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/human-capital-report"}],"language":[{"name":"English","code":"EN"}],"disclaimer":"The materials in the reproducibility packages are distributed as they were prepared by the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this event do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, the Executive Directors of the World Bank, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the materials included in the reproducibility package.","license":[{"name":"Modified BSD3","uri":"https:\/\/opensource.org\/license\/bsd-3-clause\/"}],"contacts":[{"name":"Norbert Schady","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"nschady@worldbank.org"},{"name":"Reproducibility WBG","affiliation":"World Bank","email":"reproducibility@worldbank.org"}],"datasets":[{"name":"World Development Indicators (WDI)","note":"Indicators downloaded July 2025. Includes GDP, poverty, labor force participation, population, stunting, GDP per capita, constant 2015 USD, log-transformed\nProcessed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. \nFile location: \nChapter-1\/data\/wb_data_stocktaking.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/wb_data_population.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/wb_data_stunting.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/wb_country_metadata.csv;\nHomes\/data\/mics\/auxiliar\/pop_1723.dta;\nHomes\/data\/mics\/auxiliar\/lny_2020.dta;\nInterludes\/data\/auxiliar\/pop_2024.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/datatopics.worldbank.org\/world-development-indicators\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/about\/legal\/terms-of-use-for-datasets","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Development Indicators\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datatopics.worldbank.org\/world-development-indicators. Accessed on July 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"International Labour Organization (ILOSTAT)","note":"Labor force participation, employment structure, wage employment shares, and population size. \nProcessed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/ilo_education_work_data.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/hci_onjob_trend_data.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/lfp_modeled.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/lfp_survey.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/emp_structure_modeled.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/emp_structure_survey.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/pop_data_modeled.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/rights-and-permissions#data","citation":"International Labour Organization. (2025). \"ILOSTAT Database\" [dataset]. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org. Accessed on July 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)","note":"Net enrollment rates by income group (2024 classification). \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/ner_prim_inc2024.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/ner_sec_inc2024.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/databrowser.uis.unesco.org\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license","license_uri":"https:\/\/databrowser.uis.unesco.org\/terms-and-conditions","citation":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2024). \"UIS Data Centre\" [dataset]. https:\/\/uis.unesco.org. Accessed on 2024.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"OECD Education Database","note":"Used for tertiary education indicators, integrated with WIDE data. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/final_ter_WIDE_OECD_v1.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/terms-conditions.html","citation":"OECD. (2024). \"OECD Education Database\" [dataset]. https:\/\/data-explorer.oecd.org\/. Accessed on 2024.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE)","note":"Tertiary completion rates (ages 18\u201324) based on harmonized household surveys. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/tertiary_18to24_data.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/www.education-inequalities.org\/","license":"WIDE Terms and Conditions","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.education-inequalities.org\/terms-and-conditions","citation":"UNESCO. (2024). \"World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.education-inequalities.org. Accessed on 2024.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"NCD-RisC Human Height Data (via Our World in Data)","note":"Adult height by birth cohort (1966\u20131996). \nProcessed via raw_data_pull.R, but also included in the package, because the data might update, and this would change the results. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/height_trend_data.csv; \nChapter-1\/data\/height_data.csv.","uri":"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/human-height","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. (2017). \"Human Height Data\" [dataset]. Processed by Our World in Data. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/human-height. Accessed on 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) Database","note":"Harmonized international and regional assessments (2010\u20132020), gender-disaggregated. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/hlo_2025_new_educgp.dta; \nChapter-1\/data\/eys_lays_2015_hlo_2020_gender.dta.","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO) Database\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038001\/Harmonized-Learning-Outcomes--HLO--Database","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/search\/dataset\/0038001\/Harmonized-Learning-Outcomes--HLO--Database","license_uri":"https:\/\/datacatalog.worldbank.org\/int\/public-licenses?fragment=cc","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)"},{"name":"Crosswalk between ISO3C codes and UN GeoAreaCodes","note":"Constructed dataset mapping ISO3C country codes to UN GeoAreaCodes. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/iso_codes.csv.","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"Crosswalk between ISO3C codes and UN GeoAreaCodes\" [dataset]. World Bank staff analysis.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"World Bank Country and Lending Groups","note":"Historical country income classification data, downloaded July 2025. \nFile location: Chapter-1\/data\/OGHIST_2025_07_01.xlsx.","uri":"https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups","license":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)","license_uri":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","citation":"World Bank. (2025). \"World Bank Country and Lending Groups\" [dataset]. https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed on July 2025.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)","note":"Used to identify left-behind status of children in rural China, household annual income, vocabulary and math test scores, and reported depression; and for China travel time calculations (Figure 3.3). \nAccess requires registration at the CFPS website. \nFile location: Homes\/data\/cfps\/panel_data.dta;\nInterludes\/data\/CHN_comp.dta.zip;\nNeighborhoods\/data\/Time travel\/China_Data\/CFPS\/China.dta. ","uri":"https:\/\/www.isss.pku.edu.cn\/cfps\/en\/","citation":"Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University. (2020). \"China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.isss.pku.edu.cn\/cfps\/en.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/cfpsdata.pku.edu.cn\/#\/home","license":"CFPS Terms and Conditions"},{"name":"Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)","note":"This analysis utilizes the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) program, using the latest available Round 5 or 6 for each country.\nThe study incorporates five core modules:\nHH (Household);\nHL (Household Members);\nCH (Children <5);\nFS (Children 5\u201317);\nWM (Women 15\u201349);\nInput Directory: Raw survey .zip files must be placed in Homes\/data\/mics\/raw\/MICS_5\/ or MICS_6\/ as appropriate.\nThe specific surveys required are listed in the data_hash_report.csv provided in the reproducibility package.\nThe script 11_MICS_SPSS.do handles the unzipping and organization of these files into their final analysis folders.","uri":"https:\/\/mics.unicef.org\/","citation":"UNICEF. (2023). \"Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/mics.unicef.org.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/legal#copyright","license":"Copyright UNICEF"},{"name":"Young Lives Study (YL)","note":"Longitudinal study of childhood poverty (University of Oxford). Used to track vocabulary and math skill development over time by maternal education level. \nAccess requires registration at the Young Lives website. \nFile location: Homes\/data\/yl\/YL_Pctl.dta processed using 01_Marge_CrossCountry.do. \nInterludes\/data\/yl\/arrow_data_yl.dta. \nNeighborhoods\/data\/Time travel\/Young Lives\/Data\/YL_SCH.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk\/use-our-data","citation":"University of Oxford. (2023). \"Young Lives Study\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk\/use-our-data.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.younglives.org.uk\/use-our-data","license":"Young Lives Study Copyright"},{"name":"Service Delivery Indicators (SDI)","note":"Compiled by the authors; used for health facility distance data (Figure 3.3). ","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/service-delivery-indicators\/about-sdi","citation":"World Bank. (2018). \"Service Delivery Indicators (SDI)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/service-delivery-indicators\/about-sdi.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) microdata","note":"Compiled by the authors; used for Brazil school travel time data (Figure 3.3).","uri":"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/inep\/pt-br\/acesso-a-informacao\/dados-abertos\/microdados\/saeb","citation":"Brazil's National Institute for Educational Studies and Research An\u00edsio Teixeira (INEP). (2019). \"Basic Education Assessment System (SAEB) Microdata\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.gov.br\/inep\/pt-br\/acesso-a-informacao\/dados-abertos\/microdados\/saeb.","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Living Standards Measurement Study\u2013Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)","note":"Compiled by the authors and used for Burkina Faso and Tanzania travel time data (Figure 3.3). \nMicrodata used for agricultural productivity and income analysis (Figure 4.3). Survey waves and countries are listed in the chapter README. The harmonized panel can be constructed using the repository cited in Bentze & Wollburg (2025). Raw microdata and cleaned files are not included because access requires user registration. \nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/self_micro_ag_income*.dta (derived outputs only).","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/lsms\/initiatives\/lsms-ISA","citation":"World Bank. (2023). \"Living Standards Measurement Study \u2013 Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/lsms\/initiatives\/lsms-ISA.","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Intergenerational Mobility in the Land of Inequality","note":"Original author compilation used for Figure 3.2 (neighborhood poverty in childhood and outcomes in adulthood in Brazil). \nFile location: Neighborhoods\/data\/Neigh_charact\/Fig_Brazil_Britto.csv.","uri":"https:\/\/cepr.org\/voxeu\/columns\/intergenerational-mobility-land-inequality-case-brazil","citation":"Britto, D. G. C., Fonseca, A., Pinotti, P., Sampaio, B., & Warwar, L. (2025). \"Intergenerational mobility in the land of inequality\" [dataset]. https:\/\/cepr.org\/voxeu\/columns\/intergenerational-mobility-land-inequality-case-brazil.","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"San Salvador Gang Control Data ","note":"Used for Figure 3.6 (violence is often local). Underlying data are proprietary and not publicly available. A reproducibility package with data construction procedures is available on Zenodo. \nFile location: Neighborhoods\/data\/San_Salvador_Gang_Control\/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont.csv; \nNeighborhoods\/data\/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont_CIs.csv; \nNeighborhoods\/data\/Fig_San_Salvador_Gang_Reg_Discont_CIs_UTF8.csv.","uri":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.3982\/ECTA21305","citation":"Melnikov, N., Schmidt-Padilla, C., & Sviatschi, M. M. (2025). \"Gangs, labor mobility, and development\" [dataset]. Econometrica. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.3982\/ECTA21305. Reproducibility package: https:\/\/zenodo.org\/records\/15665042.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data managers. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Variance Quality Data \u2013 Andrabi et al. (2025) and Das et al. (2022)","note":"Adapted from two studies for Figure 3.4 (school and health care quality variation). Andrabi et al. (2025) used for Pakistan school quality; Das et al. (2022) used for India health care quality. \nFile location: Neighborhoods\/data\/Variance_Quality\/Fig_healthcare_quality_India.csv; \nNeighborhoods\/data\/Fig_school_quality_Pakistan.csv.","uri":"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/aer.20221422","citation":"Andrabi, T., Bau, N., Das, J., & Khwaja, A. I. (2025). \"Heterogeneity in school value added and the private premium\" [dataset]. American Economic Review. https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/aer.20221422; Das, J., Daniels, B., Ashok, M., Shim, E. Y., & Muralidharan, K. (2022). \"Two Indias: The structure of primary health care markets in rural Indian villages with implications for policy\" [dataset]. Social Science & Medicine. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953620300186.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"World Economic Outlook (WEO) ","note":"Used for travel time macro context (Figure 3.3). \nFiles location: Neighborhoods\/data\/Time travel\/weo_data2.dta.\nWorkplaces\/data\/weo_data.dta; Workplaces\/data\/7_gdp.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO","citation":"International Monetary Fund. (2024). \"World Economic Outlook (WEO)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO.","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/about\/copyright-and-terms","license":"The Use of IMF Data"},{"name":"ILO Labour Force Statistics (LFS)","note":"Employment by sex, age, and employment status; establishment size; and NEET indicators. Used for figures 4.2 and 4.6.\nFiles location: Workplaces\/data\/3_emp_sex_age_observed.zip;\nWorkplaces\/data\/data\/3_unemp_sex_age.zip\n","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/description-labour-force-statistics\/","citation":"International Labour Organization. (2025). \"Labour Force Statistics (LFS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/description-labour-force-statistics\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/rights-and-permissions","license":"ILO Rights and permissions"},{"name":"ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST Database)","note":"Modelled labour force, employment, and working-age population series (July\/November 2024 releases). Used for figures 4.2 and 4.6.","uri":"https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/ilo-modelled-estimates\/","citation":"International Labour Organization. (2024). \"ILO Modelled Estimates (ILOEST)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/methods\/concepts-and-definitions\/ilo-modelled-estimates\/","access_type":"Data is publicly available and included in the reproducibility package.","license":"ILO Rights and permissions","license_uri":"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/rights-and-permissions"},{"name":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES)","note":"Country-level statistics on access to firm-sponsored training. \nUsed for figure 4.7. \nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/training_data.xlsx.","uri":"https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/en\/enterprisesurveys","citation":"World Bank. (2023). \"Enterprise Surveys\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.enterprisesurveys.org\/en\/enterprisesurveys.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package.","license_uri":"https:\/\/login.enterprisesurveys.org\/content\/sites\/financeandprivatesector\/en\/terms.html","license":"World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) Data Access Protocol"},{"name":"Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC)","note":"Harmonized socio-economic statistics from household surveys across LAC. \nUsed to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. Cleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces\/code\/clean_lfs\/SEDLAC\/). Original data is not included, but the processed data is included in the files mentioned.  Data is available for World Bank Staff and can be obtained through datalibweb after requesting access to the datasets.\nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/self_micro_ag_income.dta; \nWorkplaces\/data\/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta;\nChapter-1\/data\/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.\n","uri":"https:\/\/www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar\/wp\/en\/estadisticas\/sedlac\/","citation":"CEDLAS & World Bank. (2023). \"Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar\/wp\/en\/estadisticas\/sedlac.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Global Labor Database (GLD)","note":"World Bank harmonized labor force and household survey database. \nUsed to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. Cleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces\/code\/clean_lfs\/GLD\/). Original data is not included, but the processed data is included in the files mentioned.  Data is available for World Bank Staff.\nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/self_micro_ag_income.dta; \nWorkplaces\/data\/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta;\nChapter-1\/data\/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.\n","uri":"https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html","citation":"World Bank. (2023). \"Global Labor Database (GLD)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution, and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)","note":"World Bank harmonized household survey database. Used to create summary statistics and regression coefficients, and Figure 1.5. \nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/self_micro_ag_income.dta; Workplaces\/data\/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta (derived outputs only). \nCleaning code is included in the package (Workplaces\/code\/clean_lfs\/I2D2\/).\nFile location: Workplaces\/data\/self_micro_ag_income.dta; \nWorkplaces\/data\/Retexp_clean_cn_const.dta;\nChapter-1\/data\/baseline_estimates_10_years.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html","citation":"World Bank. (2023). \"International Income Distribution Database (I2D2)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/worldbank.github.io\/gld\/Support\/A%20-%20Guides%20and%20Documentation\/GLD%20Manual%20Files\/Introduction%20to%20the%20GLD.html.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained with a custom data license that does not allow for redistribution and it is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Anual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais (RAIS)","note":"Brazilian administrative employer\u2013employee data covering 2004\u20132017. Tracks all formal employment relationships in Brazil. Used to produce \nFigure I3.2. Processing code available in repository (Interludes\/code\/misc_int3\/11_Brazil_rais_data_cleaning.do; 12_Brazil_data_prep_panel.do). \nBoth raw and processed data are confidential and not included in this package.","uri":"https:\/\/acesso.mte.gov.br\/portal-pdet\/o-pdet\/portifolio-de-produtos\/bases-de-dados.htm","citation":"Brazilian Ministry of Labor. (2017). \"Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Anual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais (RAIS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/acesso.mte.gov.br\/portal-pdet\/o-pdet\/portifolio-de-produtos\/bases-de-dados.htm.","access_type":"Data access was granted directly to the study authors by the data owners. It was obtained under a custom data license that does not allow redistribution, and it is not included in the reproducibility package.","license":"Custom License"},{"name":"Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS)","note":"Large-scale nationally representative panel survey of Indian households by CMIE. Used to analyze returns to experience during self-employment and wage employment in India (Figure I3.1). \nFile location: Interludes\/data\/people_of_india_labor_comp_17_18.dta.zip; \nInterludes\/data\/people_of_india_labor_comp_19_20.dta.zip; \nInterludes\/data\/people_of_india_labor_comp_21_22.dta.zip.","uri":"https:\/\/www.cmie.com\/kommon\/bin\/sr.php?kall=wproducts&tabno=7010&prd=cpdx&portal_code=030030060010000000000000000000000000000000000","citation":"Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). (2022). \"Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS)\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.cmie.com\/kommon\/bin\/sr.php?kall=wproducts&tabno=7010&prd=cpdx&portal_code=030030060010000000000000000000000000000000000.","access_type":"Data access requires purchase or human approval and is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"World Values Survey (WVS) \u2013 Wave 7","note":"Wave 7 covers 64 countries, conducted 2017\u20132022. \nQuestion 28 used to assess public attitudes toward mothers of young children participating in the labor force (Figure I2.1). \nFile location: Interludes\/data\/wvs\/WVS_Q28.dta.","uri":"https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/wvs.jsp","citation":"World Values Survey Association. (2022). \"World Values Survey Wave 7\" [dataset]. https:\/\/www.worldvaluessurvey.org\/wvs.jsp.","access_type":"Data is publicly available but does not allow republication and is not included in the reproducibility package."},{"name":"Childcare Interventions: A Systematic Review (Evans, Jakiela & Mendez Acosta, 2024)","note":"Analyzes results of 71 experimental and quasi-experimental studies from 33 LMICs including children development outcomes (2005 onwards). Used for Figure I2.2. \nFile location: Interludes\/data\/FigI22.xlsx. Detailed data available in the paper's online appendix at https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/content\/file?id=20726.","uri":"https:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/pandp.20241015","citation":"Evans, D. K., Jakiela, P., & Mendez Acosta, A. (2024). \"The Impacts of Childcare Interventions on Children's Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review\" [dataset]. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 114, 463\u2013466. https:\/\/pubs.aeaweb.org\/doi\/pdfplus\/10.1257\/pandp.20241015. Online appendix: https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/content\/file?id=20726.","access_type":"Data is included in the reproducibility package."}],"reproduction_instructions":"To reproduce the findings in this study, a new user needs to follow the next steps:\n1. **Get access to the restricted\/limited access data.** \n2. Open the RStudio Project file (`.\/Human-Capital-Flagship-2025.Rproj`) included in the repository. Alternatively, if you do not open the R Project, the working directory will still be set automatically using the `.here` file included in the repository.\n3. **Restore the R package environment (important):** This repository uses the **{renv}** package to manage R package versions and ensure full reproducibility. Before running any scripts, open `.\/master_flagship.R` and run line 24 once to restore the package environment: `renv::restore()`\n4. **Manually set the paths for Stata and R:** The system-specific paths for Stata and R must be configured manually in the master R script `.\/master_flagship.R` (lines 32 and 37) and in the Workplaces master `.do` file `.\/Workplaces\/code\/01_master_file.do` (line 54). Update these to match your local installation locations.\n5. **Run the analysis:** All results in the report can be reproduced by running the master R script `.\/master_flagship.R`. Review the `README` files in each chapter directory for specific instructions; the path setup for each chapter depends on the working directory of the master R-Script.\n**Note:** Since a lot of the data is restricted or limited access, the results obtained by the replicators are included in the reproducibility package in the folder `outputs` for each chapter.","technology_requirements":"Runtime: 30 minutes. ","technology_environment":"Paper exhibits were reproduced on a computer with the following specifications:\n\u2022 OS: Windows 11 Enterprise\n\u2022 Processor: INTEL(R) XEON(R) PLATINUM 8562Y+, 2800 Mhz, 8 Core(s), 8 Logical Processor(s)\n\u2022 Memory available: 122 GB\n"},"tags":[{"tag":"DOI"},{"tag":"Open Code"},{"tag":"Restricted Data"}],"schematype":"script"}